FTCE Elementary Education (K-6)
Phonological Awareness
The ability of the reader to recognize the sound of spoken language
Phonemic awareness
The idea that words are composed of sounds
Alphabetic principle
Also called graphophonemic awareness; it describes the understanding that written
words are composed of patterns of letters that represent the sounds of spoken words
Morphology
The study of word structure
Syntax
Refers to the rules or patterned relationships that correctly create phrases and
sentences from words
Semantics
Refers to the meaning expressed when words are arranged in a specific way
Pragmatics
The difference between the writer's meaning and the literal meaning of the sentence
based on social context
Decode
to change communication signals into messages
Encode
to change a message into symbols
Reading comprehension
requires that the reader learn the code in which a message is written and be able to
decode it to get the message
Fluency in reading
depends on automatic word identification
Prosody
versification of text and involves such matters as which syllable of a word is accented
Plot
the series of events in a story
Setting
the place, or location, where a story occurs
Theme
the underlying message that a writer wants to convey
Mood
the atmosphere or attitude the writer conveys through descriptive language
Topic
what a paragraph or story is about
Main idea
the important idea(s) that the author wants the reader to know about a topic
Topic sentence
indicates what a passage is about
Paragraph
, a group of sentences about one main idea
Restatement of the main idea
usually summarizes the concept in a concise manner, and it often presents the same
idea from a different perspective
Supporting details
sentences that provide more information about the topic and the main idea
Author's tone
attitude reflected in the statement or passage
Analysis
the systematic exploration of a concept, event, term, piece of writing, element of media,
or any other complex item
Synthesis
examining different concepts and drawing a global conclusion
Evaluation
drawing conclusions based on judgments
Text structure
the patterns of textual organization in a piece of writing
Emergent literacy
a child's speech and language development
Structure of the English language
consists of rules of grammar, capitalization, and punctuation
Allegory
A story in verse or prose with characters representing virtues and vices. There are two
meanings, symbolic and literal. Ex: John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress
Ballad
An in medias res story, told or sung, usually in verse and accompanied by music.
Include the refrain, and incremental repetition, or anaphora, for effect. Ex: anonymous
folk ballads, Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
Drama
Plays-comedy, modern, or tragedy-typically in 5 acts. Literary devices include asides,
soliloquies, and the chorus representing public opinion. Ex: Shakespeare
Epic
Long poem usually of book length reflecting values inherent in the generative society.
Devices include an invocation to a Muse for inspiration, purpose of writing, universal
setting, protagonist and antagonist who possess supernatural strength and acumen,
and interventions of a god or gods. Ex: Homer's Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid
Epistle
A letter that is not always originally intended for public distribution, but due to the fame
of the sender and/or recipient, becomes public. Ex: Paul wrote epistles that were later
placed in the Bible
Essay
Typically a limited length prose work focusing on a topic and propounding a definite
point of view and authoritative tone. Ex: Carlyle, Lamb, Dequincy, Emerson, etc.
Fable
Terse tale offering up a moral or exemplum. Ex: Chaucer's "The Nun's Priest's Tale"
Legend
Phonological Awareness
The ability of the reader to recognize the sound of spoken language
Phonemic awareness
The idea that words are composed of sounds
Alphabetic principle
Also called graphophonemic awareness; it describes the understanding that written
words are composed of patterns of letters that represent the sounds of spoken words
Morphology
The study of word structure
Syntax
Refers to the rules or patterned relationships that correctly create phrases and
sentences from words
Semantics
Refers to the meaning expressed when words are arranged in a specific way
Pragmatics
The difference between the writer's meaning and the literal meaning of the sentence
based on social context
Decode
to change communication signals into messages
Encode
to change a message into symbols
Reading comprehension
requires that the reader learn the code in which a message is written and be able to
decode it to get the message
Fluency in reading
depends on automatic word identification
Prosody
versification of text and involves such matters as which syllable of a word is accented
Plot
the series of events in a story
Setting
the place, or location, where a story occurs
Theme
the underlying message that a writer wants to convey
Mood
the atmosphere or attitude the writer conveys through descriptive language
Topic
what a paragraph or story is about
Main idea
the important idea(s) that the author wants the reader to know about a topic
Topic sentence
indicates what a passage is about
Paragraph
, a group of sentences about one main idea
Restatement of the main idea
usually summarizes the concept in a concise manner, and it often presents the same
idea from a different perspective
Supporting details
sentences that provide more information about the topic and the main idea
Author's tone
attitude reflected in the statement or passage
Analysis
the systematic exploration of a concept, event, term, piece of writing, element of media,
or any other complex item
Synthesis
examining different concepts and drawing a global conclusion
Evaluation
drawing conclusions based on judgments
Text structure
the patterns of textual organization in a piece of writing
Emergent literacy
a child's speech and language development
Structure of the English language
consists of rules of grammar, capitalization, and punctuation
Allegory
A story in verse or prose with characters representing virtues and vices. There are two
meanings, symbolic and literal. Ex: John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress
Ballad
An in medias res story, told or sung, usually in verse and accompanied by music.
Include the refrain, and incremental repetition, or anaphora, for effect. Ex: anonymous
folk ballads, Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
Drama
Plays-comedy, modern, or tragedy-typically in 5 acts. Literary devices include asides,
soliloquies, and the chorus representing public opinion. Ex: Shakespeare
Epic
Long poem usually of book length reflecting values inherent in the generative society.
Devices include an invocation to a Muse for inspiration, purpose of writing, universal
setting, protagonist and antagonist who possess supernatural strength and acumen,
and interventions of a god or gods. Ex: Homer's Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid
Epistle
A letter that is not always originally intended for public distribution, but due to the fame
of the sender and/or recipient, becomes public. Ex: Paul wrote epistles that were later
placed in the Bible
Essay
Typically a limited length prose work focusing on a topic and propounding a definite
point of view and authoritative tone. Ex: Carlyle, Lamb, Dequincy, Emerson, etc.
Fable
Terse tale offering up a moral or exemplum. Ex: Chaucer's "The Nun's Priest's Tale"
Legend
