NURS 242 Exam 2023-2024
What is the purpose of Cancer Marker CA 19-9? - ANSWER>>>It is the tumor marker
for diagnosis, evaluation of pancreatic or hepatobiliary cancers. It also monitors
response to and surveillance of treatment.
CA 125 Normal - ANSWER>>><35 units/mL
What is the purpose of Cancer Marker CA 125? - ANSWER>>>It is an indicator for
ovarian tumors.
What can cause some false + for CA 125? - ANSWER>>>Pregnancy
STIs
Menstrual Cycle
PID
CEA Normal - ANSWER>>><5 ng/mL
BRCA 1 susceptibility - ANSWER>>>55% Breast
39% Ovarian
BRCA 2 susceptibility - ANSWER>>>65% Breast
17% Ovarian
Normal Population's Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancers - ANSWER>>>12% Breast
1.4% Ovarian
What is the purpose of Broca's area? - ANSWER>>>Voluntary speech/ language
production
Damage to Broca's area results in...? - ANSWER>>>Broca's Aphasia- inability to speak
or understand language
What neurotransmitter is released by the frontal cortex to inhibit negative actions? -
ANSWER>>>GABA
What medication boosts GABA; best for anxiety, psychosis, or a seizure disorder? -
ANSWER>>>Benzodiazepines; Long Acting vs. Short Acting
Cranial Nerve I - ANSWER>>>Olfactory
Loss of smell; damage to CN I - ANSWER>>>anosmia
A patient presents with repetitive swallowing or chewing motions. You know this to be
called? - ANSWER>>>Automatisms
,What is the purpose of Wernicke's Area - ANSWER>>>Reception of language;
interpretation of speech and sounds
Damage to Wernicke's area results in...? - ANSWER>>>Wernicke's aphasia- inability to
speak clearly "I'm going to kredistant to get a freebie- want one?"
Testing of recent memory tests function of which area of the brain? - ANSWER>>>The
Hippocampus
Testing of tactile sensations through writing numbers or letters in the pts palm for
interpretation. - ANSWER>>>Graphesthesia
Testing of tactile sensations through placing familiar objects within the pts hands for
interpretation. - ANSWER>>>Stereognosis
What are some personal/ social hx r/t neurological symptoms? -
ANSWER>>>Environment/ Occupational Hazards
Hand, Eye, Foot dominance
Ability to care for oneself
Sleeping/ eating patterns
Use of drugs/ alcohol
Head injuries/trauma
Birth trauma
What are some family hx r/t neurological symptoms? - ANSWER>>>Hereditary disease
Medical/ metabolic disorder
Alcoholism
Intellectual disabilities
Epilepsy or seizure disorder/ headaches
Alzheimer disease/ dementia
Learning disorder- dyslexia, reading delay
What are some specific notes of hx for older adults in relation to neurological disorders?
- ANSWER>>>Increased stumbling/ falls
Decreased agility
Safety modification at home
Interfere with performance of ADLs
Sensory deficits (hearing, vision, smell)
Tremors
Fecal/ urinary incontinence
Transient neurologic deficits
What are some specific notes of hx for those with seizures? - ANSWER>>>Sequence of
events
Character of Symptoms
, Aura
Level of Consciousness
Automatism
Muscle tone/rigidity
Postictal Behavior
Relationship of seizure to other events
Frequency of seizures
Medication
What are some specific notes of hx for pain r/t neurological disorders? -
ANSWER>>>Onset
Location
Quality
Associated symptoms
Efforts to treat
Medications
When BJP is present in the urine, what does it indicate or monitor? - ANSWER>>>It
detects and monitors multiple myeloma.
What is the normal for Bence Jones Protein? - ANSWER>>>To find none in the urine
specimen.
What can cause false positives for BJP? - ANSWER>>>Penicillin, Aspirin, RA
Which markers are used to detect bladder cancer? - ANSWER>>>Bladder Tumor
Antigen
Nuclear Matrix Protein 22
Survivin
What are the normals for the Bladder Cancer markers? - ANSWER>>>BTA: <14
units/mL
NMP22: <10 units/ mL
Surviving: not detectable
What are some causes of false positives in the Bladder Cancer Markers? -
ANSWER>>>Renal Calculi
STIs
Nuclear scans are contraindicated in what patients? - ANSWER>>>Pregnant or
lactating patients.
CA 15-3 Normal - ANSWER>>><31 units/mL
CA 27.29 Normal - ANSWER>>><38 units/mL
What is the purpose of Cancer Marker CA 19-9? - ANSWER>>>It is the tumor marker
for diagnosis, evaluation of pancreatic or hepatobiliary cancers. It also monitors
response to and surveillance of treatment.
CA 125 Normal - ANSWER>>><35 units/mL
What is the purpose of Cancer Marker CA 125? - ANSWER>>>It is an indicator for
ovarian tumors.
What can cause some false + for CA 125? - ANSWER>>>Pregnancy
STIs
Menstrual Cycle
PID
CEA Normal - ANSWER>>><5 ng/mL
BRCA 1 susceptibility - ANSWER>>>55% Breast
39% Ovarian
BRCA 2 susceptibility - ANSWER>>>65% Breast
17% Ovarian
Normal Population's Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancers - ANSWER>>>12% Breast
1.4% Ovarian
What is the purpose of Broca's area? - ANSWER>>>Voluntary speech/ language
production
Damage to Broca's area results in...? - ANSWER>>>Broca's Aphasia- inability to speak
or understand language
What neurotransmitter is released by the frontal cortex to inhibit negative actions? -
ANSWER>>>GABA
What medication boosts GABA; best for anxiety, psychosis, or a seizure disorder? -
ANSWER>>>Benzodiazepines; Long Acting vs. Short Acting
Cranial Nerve I - ANSWER>>>Olfactory
Loss of smell; damage to CN I - ANSWER>>>anosmia
A patient presents with repetitive swallowing or chewing motions. You know this to be
called? - ANSWER>>>Automatisms
,What is the purpose of Wernicke's Area - ANSWER>>>Reception of language;
interpretation of speech and sounds
Damage to Wernicke's area results in...? - ANSWER>>>Wernicke's aphasia- inability to
speak clearly "I'm going to kredistant to get a freebie- want one?"
Testing of recent memory tests function of which area of the brain? - ANSWER>>>The
Hippocampus
Testing of tactile sensations through writing numbers or letters in the pts palm for
interpretation. - ANSWER>>>Graphesthesia
Testing of tactile sensations through placing familiar objects within the pts hands for
interpretation. - ANSWER>>>Stereognosis
What are some personal/ social hx r/t neurological symptoms? -
ANSWER>>>Environment/ Occupational Hazards
Hand, Eye, Foot dominance
Ability to care for oneself
Sleeping/ eating patterns
Use of drugs/ alcohol
Head injuries/trauma
Birth trauma
What are some family hx r/t neurological symptoms? - ANSWER>>>Hereditary disease
Medical/ metabolic disorder
Alcoholism
Intellectual disabilities
Epilepsy or seizure disorder/ headaches
Alzheimer disease/ dementia
Learning disorder- dyslexia, reading delay
What are some specific notes of hx for older adults in relation to neurological disorders?
- ANSWER>>>Increased stumbling/ falls
Decreased agility
Safety modification at home
Interfere with performance of ADLs
Sensory deficits (hearing, vision, smell)
Tremors
Fecal/ urinary incontinence
Transient neurologic deficits
What are some specific notes of hx for those with seizures? - ANSWER>>>Sequence of
events
Character of Symptoms
, Aura
Level of Consciousness
Automatism
Muscle tone/rigidity
Postictal Behavior
Relationship of seizure to other events
Frequency of seizures
Medication
What are some specific notes of hx for pain r/t neurological disorders? -
ANSWER>>>Onset
Location
Quality
Associated symptoms
Efforts to treat
Medications
When BJP is present in the urine, what does it indicate or monitor? - ANSWER>>>It
detects and monitors multiple myeloma.
What is the normal for Bence Jones Protein? - ANSWER>>>To find none in the urine
specimen.
What can cause false positives for BJP? - ANSWER>>>Penicillin, Aspirin, RA
Which markers are used to detect bladder cancer? - ANSWER>>>Bladder Tumor
Antigen
Nuclear Matrix Protein 22
Survivin
What are the normals for the Bladder Cancer markers? - ANSWER>>>BTA: <14
units/mL
NMP22: <10 units/ mL
Surviving: not detectable
What are some causes of false positives in the Bladder Cancer Markers? -
ANSWER>>>Renal Calculi
STIs
Nuclear scans are contraindicated in what patients? - ANSWER>>>Pregnant or
lactating patients.
CA 15-3 Normal - ANSWER>>><31 units/mL
CA 27.29 Normal - ANSWER>>><38 units/mL
