ASWB Bachelors Exam Questions And
Answers
When should self determination be limited? -
Only in situations where it would cause harm to a client or others.
Jean Piaget -
Developmental psychologist best known for his theory of cognitive development.
Theory states that children learn through interaction in the environment.
Nature vs nurture -
Whether cognitive development is mainly determined by a clients innate qualities
(nature), or by his personal experiences (nurture). Many experts avoid this question
today.
Social development on micro level -
Learning how to behave and interact well with others. Relies on managing feelings.
Social development on a macro level -
Commitment that development processes need to benefit people. Recognizes the
way people interact in groups and society.
Social development -
Change in social institutions.
Spiritual growth and development stages -
-Unwilling to accept a will greater than their own.
-Blind faith in authority figures, world is divided into good and evil.
-Scientific skepticism and questioning.
-Enjoys mystery and beauty of existence.
Bio psychosocial-spiritual-cultural challenges older people are faced with -
Health and physical abilities, accessing affordable-high quality health care,
decreased economic security, increased vulnerability to abuse and exploitation, and
loss of meaningful roles.
Health care issues with adults 80+ -
Communication: Encourage to express feelings, stay positive
Health: monitor closely, promote self care, ensure nutrition, stress, and activity levels
Safety:ensure safe living
Development -
Product of the elaborate interplay of biological, psychological, spiritual, and social
influences
John Bowlby -
Originated Attachment Theory.
Attachment: defined by Bowlby -
A lasting psychological connectedness that can be understood within an evolutionary
context in which a caregiver provides safety and security to a child. Child is pre-
programmed to create attachments.
Monotropy -
One primary attachment figure. Acts as a secure base for exploring the world.
Learned behavior attachment -
, Child will form an attachment to whoever feeds it. Child finds comfort in food, through
classical conditioning, finds comfort in feeder. Child uses operant conditioning to get
what it wants.
Stranger anxiety -
Crying when an unfamiliar person tries to hold child, begins between 5-9 months.
Intensifies at age 1, stops around age 2.
Separation anxiety -
Beings 6-8 months, peaks at 14-18 months, resolved by 24-36 months. Upset when
caregiver leaves sight.
Separation anxiety disorder -
Characterized by excessive worrying about being away from caregiver. Occurs in
later childhood.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs -
Clients are motivated to meet certain needs, when one is filled they seek the next
one. (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization)
Physiological needs -
Maintain the physical organism. Biological needs such as food/water/oxygen/
temperature.
Safety needs -
Need to feel safe from harm/danger/threat.
Social needs -
Friendship, intimacy, affection, and love are needed.
Esteem needs -
Need of a stable, firmly based level of self respect and respect from others.
Self-actualization -
Ongoing process of need to be oneself, act consistently with whom one is.
Humanistic approach -
clients have the capacity to grow, change, and adapt.
Strength -
Any ability that helps and individual to confront and deal with a stressful life situation
and to grow from it.
Strengths perspective -
Focuses on understanding clients on the basis of their strengths and resources and
mobilizing the resources to improve their situations.
Defense mechanisms -
Behaviors that protect people from anxiety. Automatic, involuntary, usually
unconscious psychological activities to exclude unacceptable thoughts, urges,
threats, and impulses form awareness for fear of disapproval, punishment, or other
negative outcomes. (NOT coping mechanisms-voluntary)
Examples of defense mechanisms -
Turning against self, Splitting, repression... (SEE PAGE 57)
Erikson -
Psychosocial model (8 stages)
Group work -
Method of social work that helps individuals enhance their social functioning as well
as cope with their problems. Individuals help each other change/learn social roles,
social worker helps change environment/behavior.
Individual self-actualization occurs when: -
Release of feelings that block social performance, support from others, reappraisal
of self.
Answers
When should self determination be limited? -
Only in situations where it would cause harm to a client or others.
Jean Piaget -
Developmental psychologist best known for his theory of cognitive development.
Theory states that children learn through interaction in the environment.
Nature vs nurture -
Whether cognitive development is mainly determined by a clients innate qualities
(nature), or by his personal experiences (nurture). Many experts avoid this question
today.
Social development on micro level -
Learning how to behave and interact well with others. Relies on managing feelings.
Social development on a macro level -
Commitment that development processes need to benefit people. Recognizes the
way people interact in groups and society.
Social development -
Change in social institutions.
Spiritual growth and development stages -
-Unwilling to accept a will greater than their own.
-Blind faith in authority figures, world is divided into good and evil.
-Scientific skepticism and questioning.
-Enjoys mystery and beauty of existence.
Bio psychosocial-spiritual-cultural challenges older people are faced with -
Health and physical abilities, accessing affordable-high quality health care,
decreased economic security, increased vulnerability to abuse and exploitation, and
loss of meaningful roles.
Health care issues with adults 80+ -
Communication: Encourage to express feelings, stay positive
Health: monitor closely, promote self care, ensure nutrition, stress, and activity levels
Safety:ensure safe living
Development -
Product of the elaborate interplay of biological, psychological, spiritual, and social
influences
John Bowlby -
Originated Attachment Theory.
Attachment: defined by Bowlby -
A lasting psychological connectedness that can be understood within an evolutionary
context in which a caregiver provides safety and security to a child. Child is pre-
programmed to create attachments.
Monotropy -
One primary attachment figure. Acts as a secure base for exploring the world.
Learned behavior attachment -
, Child will form an attachment to whoever feeds it. Child finds comfort in food, through
classical conditioning, finds comfort in feeder. Child uses operant conditioning to get
what it wants.
Stranger anxiety -
Crying when an unfamiliar person tries to hold child, begins between 5-9 months.
Intensifies at age 1, stops around age 2.
Separation anxiety -
Beings 6-8 months, peaks at 14-18 months, resolved by 24-36 months. Upset when
caregiver leaves sight.
Separation anxiety disorder -
Characterized by excessive worrying about being away from caregiver. Occurs in
later childhood.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs -
Clients are motivated to meet certain needs, when one is filled they seek the next
one. (physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization)
Physiological needs -
Maintain the physical organism. Biological needs such as food/water/oxygen/
temperature.
Safety needs -
Need to feel safe from harm/danger/threat.
Social needs -
Friendship, intimacy, affection, and love are needed.
Esteem needs -
Need of a stable, firmly based level of self respect and respect from others.
Self-actualization -
Ongoing process of need to be oneself, act consistently with whom one is.
Humanistic approach -
clients have the capacity to grow, change, and adapt.
Strength -
Any ability that helps and individual to confront and deal with a stressful life situation
and to grow from it.
Strengths perspective -
Focuses on understanding clients on the basis of their strengths and resources and
mobilizing the resources to improve their situations.
Defense mechanisms -
Behaviors that protect people from anxiety. Automatic, involuntary, usually
unconscious psychological activities to exclude unacceptable thoughts, urges,
threats, and impulses form awareness for fear of disapproval, punishment, or other
negative outcomes. (NOT coping mechanisms-voluntary)
Examples of defense mechanisms -
Turning against self, Splitting, repression... (SEE PAGE 57)
Erikson -
Psychosocial model (8 stages)
Group work -
Method of social work that helps individuals enhance their social functioning as well
as cope with their problems. Individuals help each other change/learn social roles,
social worker helps change environment/behavior.
Individual self-actualization occurs when: -
Release of feelings that block social performance, support from others, reappraisal
of self.
