PSY 3361 Exam 3 Study Guide (Answered)
Verified Solution 100%
1. The interdisciplinary field that studies how people use language to communicate ideas is
called:
Psycholinguistics
2. Language may be understood at several levels. From smaller unites to larger units, these
levels are:
Phoneme, morpheme, word, syntax
3.The basic linguistic unit that conveys meaning is the:
Morpheme
4. Issues concerning the deep structure of language relate more closely to:
The topic of semantic memory
5. In general, the right hemisphere of the brain is more likely than the left hemisphere to
emphasize
the interpretation of the emotional tone of a message.
6. According to Chomsky's approach to language,
ambiguity arises when a surface structure has two different deep structures.
7. Which of the following students provides the best summary of the viewpoint that language is
modular?
Anthony: "We process language in a different way than we perform other cognitive tasks."
8. In contrast to spoken language, written language is more likely
to allow re-scanning of the input.
9. The research on discovering the meaning of a word shows that
words that appear in a rich context of cues are easier to understand than words that appear in
only one context.
10. Suppose that you ask a stranger what time it is, and he produces several wordy sentences
that don't seem to make sense. Without knowing additional information, you would suspect that
he has
Wernicke's aphasia.
11. The constructionist view of discourse comprehension is most likely to
emphasize a character's emotions and motivations.
,12. Chapter 9 discussed the connection between working memory and reading. Why would
these two skills be related?
A good reader can store more items in working memory while trying to understand a complex
sentence.
13. Why is a sentence with a nested structure more difficult for readers to understand,
compared to a sentence without a nested structure?
A sentence with nesting requires readers to store the first part of the sentence until they have
processed later parts of the sentence.
14. If you use the direct-access route while reading,
you can recognize a word based on the visual stimulus of the letters in a word.
15. According to the current explanation for how we process an ambiguous word,
initially activation builds up for the most familiar meanings of a word; then context helps to
eliminate the irrelevant meanings.
16. Which of the following research topics would be most likely to emphasize the discourse
aspect of language?
Under what circumstances will students be able to identify a theme in a short story?
17. According to the introductory discussion of the reading
process, reading is a process that relies on a variety of other
cognitive skills.
18. One benefit of using an artificial-intelligence approach to studying language is that
researchers must state the operations very precisely and objectively.
19. According to the research on test anxiety and reading comprehension, students who are high
in test anxiety tend to
perform poorly on multiple-choice tests that assess reading comprehension.
20. People are especially likely to draw inferences during reading
when readers have a large working-memory capacity.
21. According to the discussion of neurolinguistics,
for most people-but not all-language is primarily localized in the left hemisphere of the brain.
22. The whole-word approach to teaching reading emphasizes that
readers directly connect a written word with the word's meaning.
23. Which of the following students provides the best summary about teaching
metacomprehension skills?
, Souren: "Educators are now developing programs to teach metacomprehension skills to students
in middle school."
24. You would be most likely to draw an inference during reading
if you have strong metacomprehension skills, rather than weak ones.
25. conclude about the accuracy of speech production?
Even high-status speakers may produce a large number of speech errors.
26. According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,
if you try to produce a particular noun, you will often retrieve it more effectively if you make a
hand gesture.
27. Imagine that you are about to utter a sentence. If you are currently struggling with the
linearization problem, you will have difficulty
deciding which words to put first and which to put last.
28. Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of Pennebaker's
research on writing about emotional problems?
Xiomara: "People who write about their problems are likely to experience improvements in their
physical health."
29. Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind
of discourse known as a narrative?
Tonya: "In a narrative, a speaker talks for a while without interruption, in order to describe a
series of events."
30. The early research and theory on bilingualism
argued that bilingualism produced a cognitive
deficit.
31. The term discourse refers to
language units that are more than a sentence in length.
32. A 17-year-old camp counselor is trying to teach a new game to 5- and 6-year-olds. He begins
by asking, "O.K., do any of you know some games where you look for things that are hidden?"
His strategy would be called
trying to establish common ground.
33. You are trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." You
have made a
slip-of-the-tongue.
Verified Solution 100%
1. The interdisciplinary field that studies how people use language to communicate ideas is
called:
Psycholinguistics
2. Language may be understood at several levels. From smaller unites to larger units, these
levels are:
Phoneme, morpheme, word, syntax
3.The basic linguistic unit that conveys meaning is the:
Morpheme
4. Issues concerning the deep structure of language relate more closely to:
The topic of semantic memory
5. In general, the right hemisphere of the brain is more likely than the left hemisphere to
emphasize
the interpretation of the emotional tone of a message.
6. According to Chomsky's approach to language,
ambiguity arises when a surface structure has two different deep structures.
7. Which of the following students provides the best summary of the viewpoint that language is
modular?
Anthony: "We process language in a different way than we perform other cognitive tasks."
8. In contrast to spoken language, written language is more likely
to allow re-scanning of the input.
9. The research on discovering the meaning of a word shows that
words that appear in a rich context of cues are easier to understand than words that appear in
only one context.
10. Suppose that you ask a stranger what time it is, and he produces several wordy sentences
that don't seem to make sense. Without knowing additional information, you would suspect that
he has
Wernicke's aphasia.
11. The constructionist view of discourse comprehension is most likely to
emphasize a character's emotions and motivations.
,12. Chapter 9 discussed the connection between working memory and reading. Why would
these two skills be related?
A good reader can store more items in working memory while trying to understand a complex
sentence.
13. Why is a sentence with a nested structure more difficult for readers to understand,
compared to a sentence without a nested structure?
A sentence with nesting requires readers to store the first part of the sentence until they have
processed later parts of the sentence.
14. If you use the direct-access route while reading,
you can recognize a word based on the visual stimulus of the letters in a word.
15. According to the current explanation for how we process an ambiguous word,
initially activation builds up for the most familiar meanings of a word; then context helps to
eliminate the irrelevant meanings.
16. Which of the following research topics would be most likely to emphasize the discourse
aspect of language?
Under what circumstances will students be able to identify a theme in a short story?
17. According to the introductory discussion of the reading
process, reading is a process that relies on a variety of other
cognitive skills.
18. One benefit of using an artificial-intelligence approach to studying language is that
researchers must state the operations very precisely and objectively.
19. According to the research on test anxiety and reading comprehension, students who are high
in test anxiety tend to
perform poorly on multiple-choice tests that assess reading comprehension.
20. People are especially likely to draw inferences during reading
when readers have a large working-memory capacity.
21. According to the discussion of neurolinguistics,
for most people-but not all-language is primarily localized in the left hemisphere of the brain.
22. The whole-word approach to teaching reading emphasizes that
readers directly connect a written word with the word's meaning.
23. Which of the following students provides the best summary about teaching
metacomprehension skills?
, Souren: "Educators are now developing programs to teach metacomprehension skills to students
in middle school."
24. You would be most likely to draw an inference during reading
if you have strong metacomprehension skills, rather than weak ones.
25. conclude about the accuracy of speech production?
Even high-status speakers may produce a large number of speech errors.
26. According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,
if you try to produce a particular noun, you will often retrieve it more effectively if you make a
hand gesture.
27. Imagine that you are about to utter a sentence. If you are currently struggling with the
linearization problem, you will have difficulty
deciding which words to put first and which to put last.
28. Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of Pennebaker's
research on writing about emotional problems?
Xiomara: "People who write about their problems are likely to experience improvements in their
physical health."
29. Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind
of discourse known as a narrative?
Tonya: "In a narrative, a speaker talks for a while without interruption, in order to describe a
series of events."
30. The early research and theory on bilingualism
argued that bilingualism produced a cognitive
deficit.
31. The term discourse refers to
language units that are more than a sentence in length.
32. A 17-year-old camp counselor is trying to teach a new game to 5- and 6-year-olds. He begins
by asking, "O.K., do any of you know some games where you look for things that are hidden?"
His strategy would be called
trying to establish common ground.
33. You are trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." You
have made a
slip-of-the-tongue.
