CSIA: (PP1&2) Introduction, history of
C++, program outline 2024
Hardware - ✔✔✔The physical devices that make up computer equipment
Computer - ✔✔✔PC/Mainframes/Workstations
A computer contains 5 main compondents - ✔✔✔CPU,
Input device
Output device
Main memory/RAM
Secondary Memory
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - ✔✔✔Follows instructions, performs calucations
specified by the program
Input Device - ✔✔✔Any device that allows a person to communicate information to the
CPU
Output Device - ✔✔✔Any device that allows the CPU to comminicate information to
people
Examples of output devices are: - ✔✔✔1. Printer
2. Display Screen (Monitor)
3. Terminal (Keyboard and monitor)
Main Memory/Primary Memory/RAM - ✔✔✔Consists of memory locations that has a
string of 0's and 1's called bits.
Each memory location fits 8 bytes.
The number that identifies that memory location is called the address!
binary digit (bit) - ✔✔✔0's and 1's that are the smallest form of information.
Byte - ✔✔✔Consists of 8 bits.
1 byte is contained in each memory location.
Memory Location - ✔✔✔A single portion of memory that holds data
Normally, 0's and 1's up to 1 byte
, Address - ✔✔✔A number that identifies the memory location
Secondary Memory - ✔✔✔Memory that keeps information permenantly
3 Examples of Secondar Memory - ✔✔✔1. Disk
2. CD
3. Flashdrive
Program - ✔✔✔A set of instructions for the computer to follow
System - ✔✔✔To be used by other programmers
Operating System - ✔✔✔1. Manages all of the software and hardware
2. Allocates all of the computer's resources launches other programs
3. Ensures programs work properly.
Application - ✔✔✔To be used by end-users
Software - ✔✔✔A collection of programs
Data - ✔✔✔Input into the program
Running/ Executing program - ✔✔✔performing program instructions on given data
What are the three types of languages? - ✔✔✔1. Natural language
2. High-level language
3. Low-level language
Natural Language - ✔✔✔Language that is spoken by humans.
Ambiguous in nature.
High-Level language - ✔✔✔Close to natural bc it is understood by humans.
(C++, Java, Python are high level language)
Assembly language - ✔✔✔A list of instructions a computer can excecute directly:
Add x, y, z
Machine language - ✔✔✔List of instructions in binary format that the computer is
cabable of understanding.
C++, program outline 2024
Hardware - ✔✔✔The physical devices that make up computer equipment
Computer - ✔✔✔PC/Mainframes/Workstations
A computer contains 5 main compondents - ✔✔✔CPU,
Input device
Output device
Main memory/RAM
Secondary Memory
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - ✔✔✔Follows instructions, performs calucations
specified by the program
Input Device - ✔✔✔Any device that allows a person to communicate information to the
CPU
Output Device - ✔✔✔Any device that allows the CPU to comminicate information to
people
Examples of output devices are: - ✔✔✔1. Printer
2. Display Screen (Monitor)
3. Terminal (Keyboard and monitor)
Main Memory/Primary Memory/RAM - ✔✔✔Consists of memory locations that has a
string of 0's and 1's called bits.
Each memory location fits 8 bytes.
The number that identifies that memory location is called the address!
binary digit (bit) - ✔✔✔0's and 1's that are the smallest form of information.
Byte - ✔✔✔Consists of 8 bits.
1 byte is contained in each memory location.
Memory Location - ✔✔✔A single portion of memory that holds data
Normally, 0's and 1's up to 1 byte
, Address - ✔✔✔A number that identifies the memory location
Secondary Memory - ✔✔✔Memory that keeps information permenantly
3 Examples of Secondar Memory - ✔✔✔1. Disk
2. CD
3. Flashdrive
Program - ✔✔✔A set of instructions for the computer to follow
System - ✔✔✔To be used by other programmers
Operating System - ✔✔✔1. Manages all of the software and hardware
2. Allocates all of the computer's resources launches other programs
3. Ensures programs work properly.
Application - ✔✔✔To be used by end-users
Software - ✔✔✔A collection of programs
Data - ✔✔✔Input into the program
Running/ Executing program - ✔✔✔performing program instructions on given data
What are the three types of languages? - ✔✔✔1. Natural language
2. High-level language
3. Low-level language
Natural Language - ✔✔✔Language that is spoken by humans.
Ambiguous in nature.
High-Level language - ✔✔✔Close to natural bc it is understood by humans.
(C++, Java, Python are high level language)
Assembly language - ✔✔✔A list of instructions a computer can excecute directly:
Add x, y, z
Machine language - ✔✔✔List of instructions in binary format that the computer is
cabable of understanding.
