BIO Final Exam Questions with Complete Verified
Solutions
Several goldfish were kept in a small aquarium for
several years. The fish grew to be approximately
6 centimeters long in the first year, and after that,
growth in length stopped. These fish were later
transferred to a large pond. In the pond, the
goldfish grew much larger, reaching lengths of
around 25 centimeters. Which statement provides
the best explanation for the increased growth of
the fish in the pond?
(2) The expression of genetic information in the
fish was influenced by their surroundings.
Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs
cannot, because autotrophs are able to
(4) make their own food
The diagram below represents a technique used to produce carrots.
Which reproductive process determines the traits present in the cluster of cells?
(2) mitosis
DNA is able to control cellular activities most
directly by regulating the process of
(2) protein synthesis
Which event would most likely cause a change in
a genetic sequence in an organism?
(3) exposure to radiation
During the process of cellular respiration,
energy is released from
(4) chemical bonds
Modern dogs are direct descendants of the gray wolf. They first appeared about 130,000 years ago.
Today, there are about 150 different breeds of domestic dog, a few of which are shown below.
The great variety of modern dogs can best be explained by
(1) selective breeding of dogs over many years
Base your answer to question 35 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph
shows
, the level of gene expression of five different genes in normal and cancerous cells.
Which statement is a valid inference that can be made based on the data in this graph?
(1) The change in the level of gene expression in gene 4 could indicate it plays a major role in the
development
of cancer.
What 2 processes occur in cells of plants?
Mitosis and photosynthesis
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.
Why do proteins, built from instructions contained in an organism's genes, determine many of an
organism's traits?
Proteins do many important things in living organisms. Proteins provide structure, act as hormones,
transport molecules, function in cell signaling, and protect organisms from disease. In addition, enzymes
are proteins, and enzymes are needed for practically every chemical reaction that occurs in living things.
How is DNA packaged into chromosomes?
Each chromosome consists of a long DNA molecule wrapped around small proteins called histones.
What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell? What types of cells are haploid?
Most cells have two of each kind of chromosome, like a pair of matched shoes. These cells are diploid,
and their matched chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. Some cells—such as sperm and
eggs—have only one of each kind of chromosome. These cells are haploid.
How is DNA copied?
DNA replicates in meiosis - details not needed
Is a new molecule of DNA put together using two newly made strands?
Each new DNA molecule includes one old strand and one new strand.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is a simpler molecule- one strand and functions in helping DNA replicate
Mutations can occur when certain bases are substituted for others, inserted or removed.
These result in damaged or non- working proteins.
What is crossing over? Why is crossing over important to genetic diversity?
In crossing over, a chromosome exchanges parts with its homologous chromosome. As a result, the
chromosomes in the dividing cell are no longer identical to the ones in the original cell. Instead, many
chromosomes now include parts of each of the two original homologous chromosomes. On a genetic
level, crossing over results in recombination, the production of new combinations of genes different
from those found in the original chromosomes. Every time meiosis occurs, crossing over takes place at
Solutions
Several goldfish were kept in a small aquarium for
several years. The fish grew to be approximately
6 centimeters long in the first year, and after that,
growth in length stopped. These fish were later
transferred to a large pond. In the pond, the
goldfish grew much larger, reaching lengths of
around 25 centimeters. Which statement provides
the best explanation for the increased growth of
the fish in the pond?
(2) The expression of genetic information in the
fish was influenced by their surroundings.
Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs
cannot, because autotrophs are able to
(4) make their own food
The diagram below represents a technique used to produce carrots.
Which reproductive process determines the traits present in the cluster of cells?
(2) mitosis
DNA is able to control cellular activities most
directly by regulating the process of
(2) protein synthesis
Which event would most likely cause a change in
a genetic sequence in an organism?
(3) exposure to radiation
During the process of cellular respiration,
energy is released from
(4) chemical bonds
Modern dogs are direct descendants of the gray wolf. They first appeared about 130,000 years ago.
Today, there are about 150 different breeds of domestic dog, a few of which are shown below.
The great variety of modern dogs can best be explained by
(1) selective breeding of dogs over many years
Base your answer to question 35 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph
shows
, the level of gene expression of five different genes in normal and cancerous cells.
Which statement is a valid inference that can be made based on the data in this graph?
(1) The change in the level of gene expression in gene 4 could indicate it plays a major role in the
development
of cancer.
What 2 processes occur in cells of plants?
Mitosis and photosynthesis
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.
Why do proteins, built from instructions contained in an organism's genes, determine many of an
organism's traits?
Proteins do many important things in living organisms. Proteins provide structure, act as hormones,
transport molecules, function in cell signaling, and protect organisms from disease. In addition, enzymes
are proteins, and enzymes are needed for practically every chemical reaction that occurs in living things.
How is DNA packaged into chromosomes?
Each chromosome consists of a long DNA molecule wrapped around small proteins called histones.
What is the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell? What types of cells are haploid?
Most cells have two of each kind of chromosome, like a pair of matched shoes. These cells are diploid,
and their matched chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. Some cells—such as sperm and
eggs—have only one of each kind of chromosome. These cells are haploid.
How is DNA copied?
DNA replicates in meiosis - details not needed
Is a new molecule of DNA put together using two newly made strands?
Each new DNA molecule includes one old strand and one new strand.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is a simpler molecule- one strand and functions in helping DNA replicate
Mutations can occur when certain bases are substituted for others, inserted or removed.
These result in damaged or non- working proteins.
What is crossing over? Why is crossing over important to genetic diversity?
In crossing over, a chromosome exchanges parts with its homologous chromosome. As a result, the
chromosomes in the dividing cell are no longer identical to the ones in the original cell. Instead, many
chromosomes now include parts of each of the two original homologous chromosomes. On a genetic
level, crossing over results in recombination, the production of new combinations of genes different
from those found in the original chromosomes. Every time meiosis occurs, crossing over takes place at
