Risk factors:
1. Viral infections ( mainly ebv, HHSV6 )
2. Familial
3. Genetic (mhc, hla loci)
4. Autoimmune (polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, Behçet's disease,
Sjögren's syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, and psoriasis )
5. Others like, immunosuppression, smoking, ,,,
types:
Classic hodgkin: CD15+, CD30+, CD45-
• Nodular sclerosis
• Mixed cellularity
• Lymphocyte rich
• Lymphocyte depleted
nodular lymphocyte predominant (better outcome)
عني البوومة
CD15-, CD30-, CD45+
More common in AYA population. Females more, but in young
Males more.
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
lymphadenopathy: 80 percent with HL present with painless
lymphadenopathy
systemic complaints
mediastinal mass.
Note: Children with intrathoracic HL may rarely present with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,
characterized clinically by digital clubbing and painful periostosis of tubular bones
Hepatic and/or splenic enlargement may be present in patients with advanced stage HL
Differntial diagnosis:
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic adenopathy from other primary tumors (eg,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma), toxoplasmosis, typical and atypical
mycobacterium infections, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, systemic lupus erythematosus,
and disorders causing reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes
Diagnostic evaluation:
• Chest radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral)
• (CT) of neck, CAP ( contrast) : pulmonary parenchyma, chest wall, pleura, and pericardium
. PET is more sensitive for detecting both nodular and diffuse disease, and may be more
sensitive than BMA in detecting BM involvement
• (PET) scan (either as an integrated PET/CT or as a separate PET study)
• Bone marrow aspirates are recommended only for patients with advanced stage disease
(stage III, IV), B symptoms, or any abnormality on the complete blood count that is
suspicious for bone marrow involvement
1. Viral infections ( mainly ebv, HHSV6 )
2. Familial
3. Genetic (mhc, hla loci)
4. Autoimmune (polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, Behçet's disease,
Sjögren's syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, and psoriasis )
5. Others like, immunosuppression, smoking, ,,,
types:
Classic hodgkin: CD15+, CD30+, CD45-
• Nodular sclerosis
• Mixed cellularity
• Lymphocyte rich
• Lymphocyte depleted
nodular lymphocyte predominant (better outcome)
عني البوومة
CD15-, CD30-, CD45+
More common in AYA population. Females more, but in young
Males more.
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
lymphadenopathy: 80 percent with HL present with painless
lymphadenopathy
systemic complaints
mediastinal mass.
Note: Children with intrathoracic HL may rarely present with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,
characterized clinically by digital clubbing and painful periostosis of tubular bones
Hepatic and/or splenic enlargement may be present in patients with advanced stage HL
Differntial diagnosis:
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metastatic adenopathy from other primary tumors (eg,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma), toxoplasmosis, typical and atypical
mycobacterium infections, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, systemic lupus erythematosus,
and disorders causing reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes
Diagnostic evaluation:
• Chest radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral)
• (CT) of neck, CAP ( contrast) : pulmonary parenchyma, chest wall, pleura, and pericardium
. PET is more sensitive for detecting both nodular and diffuse disease, and may be more
sensitive than BMA in detecting BM involvement
• (PET) scan (either as an integrated PET/CT or as a separate PET study)
• Bone marrow aspirates are recommended only for patients with advanced stage disease
(stage III, IV), B symptoms, or any abnormality on the complete blood count that is
suspicious for bone marrow involvement
