PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA)
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist
Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and compassion, professional appearance,
interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function
deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and transport cellular waste
(CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations
Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated
blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs?
alveoli
Systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart
right and left atria
lower chambers of the heart
right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve
semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid)
atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
aortic valve
semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart
Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium< tricuspid valve< right ventricle<
pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left atrium< mitral
(bicuspid) valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart
oxygenated & away from
venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________
the heart
deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood
5-6
, Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood?
55%
Plasma contains....
proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and
water
What percent of plasma is water?
92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood?
45%
another name for red blood cells...
Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements?
Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells...
leukocytes
another name for platelets...
thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements?
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate?
stem cells in bone marrow
How many RBCs are in a microliter of blood?
4.2 to 6.2 million
Normal life span of an RBS is...
120 days
Function of a leukocyte
provide the body protection against infection
Amount of WBCs per microliter of blood
5,000-10,000
leukocytosis
increase in WBCs
leukocytosis is seen when?
cases of infection and leukemia
leukopenia
decrease in WBCs
leukopenia is seen when?
viral infections or chemotherapy
Five types of WBCs
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Average number of platelets per microliter of blood
140,000-440,000
Hemostasis
process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury
Stage 1 of Hemostasis
Vascular phase
Vascular phase
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist
Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and compassion, professional appearance,
interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function
deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and transport cellular waste
(CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations
Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated
blood from lungs to left atrium
Where does oxygenation take place in the lungs?
alveoli
Systemic circulation
carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle throughout the body
Upper chambers of the heart
right and left atria
lower chambers of the heart
right and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
atrioventricular valve, situated between right atrium and right ventricle
**to remember this valve is on the right side of the heart-- people TRY to be RIGHT
pulmonic valve
semi-lunar valve situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (or bicuspid)
atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle
aortic valve
semi lunar valve situated between the left ventricle and aorta
Flow of blood through the heart
Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae< Right atrium< tricuspid valve< right ventricle<
pulmonic valve< pulmonary artery< lungs< pulmonary vein< left atrium< mitral
(bicuspid) valve< left ventricle< aorta< rest of body
Three layers of the heart
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
Blood vessels
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior & inferior vena cavae
aorta, arteries, and arterioles carry_____ blood _______ the heart
oxygenated & away from
venules, veins, and superior and inferior vena cave carry _____ blood ________
the heart
deoxygenated & back to
The average adult has ______ liters of blood
5-6
, Plasma comprises how much of circulating blood?
55%
Plasma contains....
proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, and
water
What percent of plasma is water?
92%
Formed elements comprise what percent of circulating blood?
45%
another name for red blood cells...
Erythrocytes
What makes up the formed elements?
Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
Another name for white blood cells...
leukocytes
another name for platelets...
thrombocytes
What comprises 99% of the formed elements?
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Where do blood cells originate?
stem cells in bone marrow
How many RBCs are in a microliter of blood?
4.2 to 6.2 million
Normal life span of an RBS is...
120 days
Function of a leukocyte
provide the body protection against infection
Amount of WBCs per microliter of blood
5,000-10,000
leukocytosis
increase in WBCs
leukocytosis is seen when?
cases of infection and leukemia
leukopenia
decrease in WBCs
leukopenia is seen when?
viral infections or chemotherapy
Five types of WBCs
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Average number of platelets per microliter of blood
140,000-440,000
Hemostasis
process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury
Stage 1 of Hemostasis
Vascular phase
Vascular phase
