Study Guide Exam 2 Med Surg 2023 A+
l Exam 2 Med Surg
Study Guide Exam 2 Med Surg 2023 A+
Immunological:
Nursing care with HIV positive, AIDs clients:
• Skin Integrity:
o Assess the skin and oral mucosa for changes in appearance.
o Encourage PT to balance rest and mobility.
o If immobile PTs need to change positions every 2 hours.
o Use devices such as alternating-pressure mattresses and low-air-loss beds
o Encourage PT to avoid scratching, use nonabrasive and non drying soap and
to moisturize skin.
o Keep the linen free of wrinkles and avoid tight clothing.
o Advise PTs with foot lesions to wear white cotton socks.
• Promoting Bowel Elimination:
o Assess bowel pattern and factors that may exacerbate diarrhea
o Avoid foods that act as bowel irritants, such as raw fruits and vegetables,
carbonated beverages, spicy foods, and foods of extreme temperatures
o Small, frequent meals
o Assess and promote self-care strategies to control diarrhea
• Activity Intolerance:
o Maintain balance between activity/rest
o Instruction regarding energy conservation techniques
• Maintaining Thought Process:
o Assess mental and neurologic status
o Instruct and involve family in communication and care
• Emotional & Physical Isolation:
o Promote an atmosphere of acceptance and understanding
o Assess social interactions and monitor behaviors
o Allow patient to express feeling/psychosocial issues
• Improving airway clearance
o Position in semi-Fowler's or high Fowler’s
• Pain Management:
o Medications as prescribed
o Skin and perianal care
What to expect and teach eg. Fungal complications:
Most frequent rehabilitating symptom of AIDS is fatigue.
• Respiratory:
o SOB, dyspnea, cough, fever
o CMV, mycobacterium (opportunistic infections)
o Pneumocystis Pneumonia (opportunistic infection 80% of AIDS PT have)
▪ Life-threatening
, Study Guide Exam 2 Med Surg 2023 A+
▪ Development of respiratory failure
▪ Identify organism: sputum, BAL
o Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
o Tuberculosis
• GI:
o
Anorexia caused by loss of appetite.
o
N/V/Chronic diarrhea causing major weight loss
o
Candidiasis: Fungal infection
o
Wasting syndrome: Involuntary weight loss of more than 10% of baseline
weight.
• Oncologic: (Cancers relating to AIDS)
o Kaposi’s sarcoma: The most common HIV related malignancy. Present as
flat lesions all over the body.
▪ Cutaneous lesions; may involve multiple organ systems
*Lesions cause discomfort, disfigurement, ulceration, and
potential for infection
o B-cell lymphomas
• Neurologic:
o Cognitive defects
o Peripheral neuropathy: Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve
damage, usually in the hands and feet.
o HIV encephalopathy: Characterized as progressive decline of cognitive
abilities.
o Cryptococcus neoformans: Fungal Infection.
o Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Demyelinating CSN
disorder.
o Depression
• Integumentary:
o Herpes zoster, simplex
o Seborrhea dermatitis
• Gynecologic:
o Vaginal candidiasis
o Genital ulcers
o HPV
o Menstrual abnormalities
l Exam 2 Med Surg
Study Guide Exam 2 Med Surg 2023 A+
Immunological:
Nursing care with HIV positive, AIDs clients:
• Skin Integrity:
o Assess the skin and oral mucosa for changes in appearance.
o Encourage PT to balance rest and mobility.
o If immobile PTs need to change positions every 2 hours.
o Use devices such as alternating-pressure mattresses and low-air-loss beds
o Encourage PT to avoid scratching, use nonabrasive and non drying soap and
to moisturize skin.
o Keep the linen free of wrinkles and avoid tight clothing.
o Advise PTs with foot lesions to wear white cotton socks.
• Promoting Bowel Elimination:
o Assess bowel pattern and factors that may exacerbate diarrhea
o Avoid foods that act as bowel irritants, such as raw fruits and vegetables,
carbonated beverages, spicy foods, and foods of extreme temperatures
o Small, frequent meals
o Assess and promote self-care strategies to control diarrhea
• Activity Intolerance:
o Maintain balance between activity/rest
o Instruction regarding energy conservation techniques
• Maintaining Thought Process:
o Assess mental and neurologic status
o Instruct and involve family in communication and care
• Emotional & Physical Isolation:
o Promote an atmosphere of acceptance and understanding
o Assess social interactions and monitor behaviors
o Allow patient to express feeling/psychosocial issues
• Improving airway clearance
o Position in semi-Fowler's or high Fowler’s
• Pain Management:
o Medications as prescribed
o Skin and perianal care
What to expect and teach eg. Fungal complications:
Most frequent rehabilitating symptom of AIDS is fatigue.
• Respiratory:
o SOB, dyspnea, cough, fever
o CMV, mycobacterium (opportunistic infections)
o Pneumocystis Pneumonia (opportunistic infection 80% of AIDS PT have)
▪ Life-threatening
, Study Guide Exam 2 Med Surg 2023 A+
▪ Development of respiratory failure
▪ Identify organism: sputum, BAL
o Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
o Tuberculosis
• GI:
o
Anorexia caused by loss of appetite.
o
N/V/Chronic diarrhea causing major weight loss
o
Candidiasis: Fungal infection
o
Wasting syndrome: Involuntary weight loss of more than 10% of baseline
weight.
• Oncologic: (Cancers relating to AIDS)
o Kaposi’s sarcoma: The most common HIV related malignancy. Present as
flat lesions all over the body.
▪ Cutaneous lesions; may involve multiple organ systems
*Lesions cause discomfort, disfigurement, ulceration, and
potential for infection
o B-cell lymphomas
• Neurologic:
o Cognitive defects
o Peripheral neuropathy: Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve
damage, usually in the hands and feet.
o HIV encephalopathy: Characterized as progressive decline of cognitive
abilities.
o Cryptococcus neoformans: Fungal Infection.
o Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Demyelinating CSN
disorder.
o Depression
• Integumentary:
o Herpes zoster, simplex
o Seborrhea dermatitis
• Gynecologic:
o Vaginal candidiasis
o Genital ulcers
o HPV
o Menstrual abnormalities
