EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY NOTES Study what causes disease? microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses what were the early notions of what caused disease? punishment from God and demons (due to foul odors) what is viruses Latin for? poison what makes something a virus? - unicellular - cannot divide on their own, grow on their own, move on their own - can only replicate inside of a living host cell composed of two parts (nucleic acid or capsid- protein coating) what are two parts of the viral reproductive cycles? lytic and lysogenic what are examples of diseases in the lytic cycle? polio, cold, etc. during the lytic cycle a virus invades cell and _____ cell's DNA destroys lytic: once DNA is destroyed, the virus takes over _____ of the cell metabolism lytic: the virus ______ replicates lytic: enzymes in the virus cause the cell to _____ lyse lytic: released virus particles disperse to ____ new cells infect what are examples of the lysogenic cycle? herpes, HIV, etc. lysogenic: may either go through a lytic stage and ______ the host cell OR enter into a dormant phase where the cell keeps _____ with the virus DNA floating in the cytoplasm destroy/ replicating what is epidemiology? the occurrence of disease (viral or bacterial) in a population What is a sporadic disease? disease that occurs occasionally in a small population examples of a sporadic disease west Nile virus in Florida or hepatitis A in a certain city what is an endemic? diseases that are constantly present in a population what is an example of an endemic common cold or malaria what is an epidemic? many people in a given area that are infected in a relatively short period of time what is an example of an epidemic? Ebola virus in Africa what is a pandemic? an epidemic disease that occurs worldwide what are examples of a pandemic? influenza, smallpox, bubonic plague, covid what are examples of direct transmission? biting, sneezing, coughing, sexual contact during direct transmission, contact is direct from one _____ to the next (not creatures furry or otherwise) person if someone sneezed right in your face it would be _______