BCNS Super Study Set UPDATED Questions With 100%
Complete Solutions
Examples of dietary nutrients that are absorbed directly into the enterohepatic
portal blood system include:
amino acids,medium-chain fatty acids, monosaccharides
The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle
tone and motility during pregnancy is:
progesterone
The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a
transient increase in the serum concentration of:
chylomicrons
The product of enterokinase reaction is:
trypsin
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier:
transferrin
The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver
and the:
adrenal glands
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is:
a nonabsorbable laxative
digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the:
jejunum
The jejunum is the middle segment of the small intestine found between the duodenum
and the ileum. Most of the nutrients present in food are absorbed by the jejunum before
being passed on to the ileum for further absorption.
Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal
circulation to the fetal circulation by the process of:
facilitated diffusion
If a bolus containing 600mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid
movement in the intestinal tract will be:
from the circulation to the intestinal lumen
Excessive production of gas within the intestines may be caused by excessive
colonic bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed:
carbohydrates
A major intracellular antioxidant is the nutrient:
glutathione
A required prerequisite to the digestion of proteins is the HCl-dependent process
called:
denaturation
The true digestibility of dietary fatty acids is:
>95%
The structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in their:
numbers of double bonds
,An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary
fiber is:
amylose
Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of:
triglycerides
A nutrient is considered to be conditionally essential when:
its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs
Vitamin reserves can become depleted because all vitamins are:
essential nutrients
The process of adding a nutrient ot manufactured foods as a public health
measure is called:
foritification
Food additives can be used:
as effective preservatives
Nutrification is the
addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that nutrient to a
target population group
Ketones result from the metabolism of:
fatty acids
The plasmalemma does not incorporate:
vitamin A
The failure of a tissue or organ to develop properly is called:
aplasia
Glutamine is the primary energy source for the:
small intestine
The metabolic effects of insulin include stimulation of:
myocyte amino acid uptake
The most common skeletal complication of chronic renal failure is:
secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) refers to the excessive secretion of parathyroid
hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood
calcium levels) and associated hyperplasia of the glands. This disorder is especially
seen in patients with chronic kidney failure.
Most circulating cholesterol is eliminated from the body after metabolism to:
bile acids
Vitamin B12 is a required cofactor in the biochemical pathway through which
glucose is produced from the amino acid:
valine
Copper is a component of:
ceruloplasmin
The decarboxylation of pyruvate involves a sequence of reactions that require, as
coenzymes, the four vitamins:
thiamin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, and niacin
The size of the free amino acid pool in the human body is regulated by the rate of:
oxidation of amino acids
,During maximal aerobic exercise, the primary energy source is:
fatty acids
A set of 150 observations has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.5. The
95% confidence limits of the mean can be calculated by solving the formula:
95% CL=5+/- (1.96)[(1.5^2)/150]^(1/2)
A cross-sectional study compared cardiovascular risk factors and resting
metabolic rate (RMR) in 400 sedentary (SED) and 400 resistance trained (RT)
young women. The measured RMR were 4.31 +/- 0.06 kJ/min and 3.99 +/- 0.05
kJ/min, respectively. The valid interpretation of the RMR data is that:
RMRsed and RMRrt are significantly different (p<0.05)
The phrase 'p<.05' should be interpreted to mean that:
the probability of the same result occurring by random chance is <5%
The relationship be tween 2 correlated variables is:
mathematical
Meta-analysis is a quantitative approach for systematically combining the results
of previous, non-definitive research in order to:
allow a conclusion to be drawn
The most difficult challenge facing a nutritionist or nutrition counselor is to:
motivate behavior modification
Dysgeusia may result from a dietary deficiency of the nutrient:
zinc
Pantothenic acid is a component of:
coenzyme A
Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the development of:
subclinical hypothyroidism
The dietary fatty acid considered to be essential in the diet of humans is:
linoleic acid
Iron is absorbed in the small intesting in the form of:
ferrous iron
The risk of congential microencephaly increases during pregnancy when habitual
intake of pre-formed vitamin A exceed the RDA for vitamin A by:
5-fold
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and B-carotene may exert cardioprotective effects by:
inhibiting the oxidation of LDL
Signs of a deficiency in essential fatty acids include:
dull skin and dandruff
The form in which fatty acids usually are found in food is as:
triglycerides
A dietary source of omega-3 essential fatty acids is:
flax oil
The disease associated with deficiency of vitamin B1 is known as:
beri-beri
Polyneuropathy may accompany chronic consumption of large amounts of:
alcohol
Of beef, bacon, salmon, and broccoli, the food source with the greates nutrient
density (g per 100 Kcal) for fat is:
, bacon
Chromium influences plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating:
myocyte sodium-glucose transport
Most vegetables are generally considered to be nutritionally inferior to most
animal proteins because typically they contain:
fewer essential amino acids
Two vitamins which are very toxic when ingested in amounts 10-fold or more
greater than the current USRDA are:
vitamin A and vitamin D
An early indicator of impending selenosis is:
garlic odor of breath
The consumption of 1750 excess Kcal will result in the deposition of new body fat
weighing:
227g --- 1,750 kcal is 1/2 of 3,500 (=1 lb);
1,750 = 0.5 lbs 454g = 1 lb, so 227g would equal 0.5 lbs
Iron in foods in primarily in the form of:
ferous iron
Most of the activated folic acid in the human body is in the form of:
methyltetrahydrofolic acid
A good dietary source of riboflavin is:
steak
Among the foods beef, bacon, fish, and spinach, the food source with the
greatest nutrient density (mg per 100 Kcal) for iron is:
spinach
Among the following foods, the nutrient density of vitamin D is greates in:
salmon
The best source of supplemental calcium for an elderly woman with
hypochlorhydria is:
calcium citrate
Excessive consumption of dietary fiber impaires the bioavailability of:
zinc
Cruciferous vegetables lack:
highly bioavailable calcium
The vitamin K content of human breast milk is:
low
25-OHD3 is converted to 1,25(OH)2D3 by:
renal cells
Daily consumption of 50 Kcal of excess dietary energy for a year will produce a
weight gain of:
4-5 pounds
Skeletal manifestations of hypervitaminosis A include
osteonecrosis
Selenium is a required cofactor for:
NADP reductase
Vitamin E deficiency in humans commonly results in:
neurological dysfunction
Complete Solutions
Examples of dietary nutrients that are absorbed directly into the enterohepatic
portal blood system include:
amino acids,medium-chain fatty acids, monosaccharides
The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle
tone and motility during pregnancy is:
progesterone
The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a
transient increase in the serum concentration of:
chylomicrons
The product of enterokinase reaction is:
trypsin
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier:
transferrin
The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver
and the:
adrenal glands
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is:
a nonabsorbable laxative
digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the:
jejunum
The jejunum is the middle segment of the small intestine found between the duodenum
and the ileum. Most of the nutrients present in food are absorbed by the jejunum before
being passed on to the ileum for further absorption.
Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal
circulation to the fetal circulation by the process of:
facilitated diffusion
If a bolus containing 600mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid
movement in the intestinal tract will be:
from the circulation to the intestinal lumen
Excessive production of gas within the intestines may be caused by excessive
colonic bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed:
carbohydrates
A major intracellular antioxidant is the nutrient:
glutathione
A required prerequisite to the digestion of proteins is the HCl-dependent process
called:
denaturation
The true digestibility of dietary fatty acids is:
>95%
The structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in their:
numbers of double bonds
,An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary
fiber is:
amylose
Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of:
triglycerides
A nutrient is considered to be conditionally essential when:
its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs
Vitamin reserves can become depleted because all vitamins are:
essential nutrients
The process of adding a nutrient ot manufactured foods as a public health
measure is called:
foritification
Food additives can be used:
as effective preservatives
Nutrification is the
addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that nutrient to a
target population group
Ketones result from the metabolism of:
fatty acids
The plasmalemma does not incorporate:
vitamin A
The failure of a tissue or organ to develop properly is called:
aplasia
Glutamine is the primary energy source for the:
small intestine
The metabolic effects of insulin include stimulation of:
myocyte amino acid uptake
The most common skeletal complication of chronic renal failure is:
secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) refers to the excessive secretion of parathyroid
hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood
calcium levels) and associated hyperplasia of the glands. This disorder is especially
seen in patients with chronic kidney failure.
Most circulating cholesterol is eliminated from the body after metabolism to:
bile acids
Vitamin B12 is a required cofactor in the biochemical pathway through which
glucose is produced from the amino acid:
valine
Copper is a component of:
ceruloplasmin
The decarboxylation of pyruvate involves a sequence of reactions that require, as
coenzymes, the four vitamins:
thiamin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, and niacin
The size of the free amino acid pool in the human body is regulated by the rate of:
oxidation of amino acids
,During maximal aerobic exercise, the primary energy source is:
fatty acids
A set of 150 observations has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.5. The
95% confidence limits of the mean can be calculated by solving the formula:
95% CL=5+/- (1.96)[(1.5^2)/150]^(1/2)
A cross-sectional study compared cardiovascular risk factors and resting
metabolic rate (RMR) in 400 sedentary (SED) and 400 resistance trained (RT)
young women. The measured RMR were 4.31 +/- 0.06 kJ/min and 3.99 +/- 0.05
kJ/min, respectively. The valid interpretation of the RMR data is that:
RMRsed and RMRrt are significantly different (p<0.05)
The phrase 'p<.05' should be interpreted to mean that:
the probability of the same result occurring by random chance is <5%
The relationship be tween 2 correlated variables is:
mathematical
Meta-analysis is a quantitative approach for systematically combining the results
of previous, non-definitive research in order to:
allow a conclusion to be drawn
The most difficult challenge facing a nutritionist or nutrition counselor is to:
motivate behavior modification
Dysgeusia may result from a dietary deficiency of the nutrient:
zinc
Pantothenic acid is a component of:
coenzyme A
Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the development of:
subclinical hypothyroidism
The dietary fatty acid considered to be essential in the diet of humans is:
linoleic acid
Iron is absorbed in the small intesting in the form of:
ferrous iron
The risk of congential microencephaly increases during pregnancy when habitual
intake of pre-formed vitamin A exceed the RDA for vitamin A by:
5-fold
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and B-carotene may exert cardioprotective effects by:
inhibiting the oxidation of LDL
Signs of a deficiency in essential fatty acids include:
dull skin and dandruff
The form in which fatty acids usually are found in food is as:
triglycerides
A dietary source of omega-3 essential fatty acids is:
flax oil
The disease associated with deficiency of vitamin B1 is known as:
beri-beri
Polyneuropathy may accompany chronic consumption of large amounts of:
alcohol
Of beef, bacon, salmon, and broccoli, the food source with the greates nutrient
density (g per 100 Kcal) for fat is:
, bacon
Chromium influences plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating:
myocyte sodium-glucose transport
Most vegetables are generally considered to be nutritionally inferior to most
animal proteins because typically they contain:
fewer essential amino acids
Two vitamins which are very toxic when ingested in amounts 10-fold or more
greater than the current USRDA are:
vitamin A and vitamin D
An early indicator of impending selenosis is:
garlic odor of breath
The consumption of 1750 excess Kcal will result in the deposition of new body fat
weighing:
227g --- 1,750 kcal is 1/2 of 3,500 (=1 lb);
1,750 = 0.5 lbs 454g = 1 lb, so 227g would equal 0.5 lbs
Iron in foods in primarily in the form of:
ferous iron
Most of the activated folic acid in the human body is in the form of:
methyltetrahydrofolic acid
A good dietary source of riboflavin is:
steak
Among the foods beef, bacon, fish, and spinach, the food source with the
greatest nutrient density (mg per 100 Kcal) for iron is:
spinach
Among the following foods, the nutrient density of vitamin D is greates in:
salmon
The best source of supplemental calcium for an elderly woman with
hypochlorhydria is:
calcium citrate
Excessive consumption of dietary fiber impaires the bioavailability of:
zinc
Cruciferous vegetables lack:
highly bioavailable calcium
The vitamin K content of human breast milk is:
low
25-OHD3 is converted to 1,25(OH)2D3 by:
renal cells
Daily consumption of 50 Kcal of excess dietary energy for a year will produce a
weight gain of:
4-5 pounds
Skeletal manifestations of hypervitaminosis A include
osteonecrosis
Selenium is a required cofactor for:
NADP reductase
Vitamin E deficiency in humans commonly results in:
neurological dysfunction
