Summary AP/College Computer Science Principles All
Units 1-10 Tests Answered Summer 2023.
AP Computer Science Principles Unit 1 Test
Data
________ refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Data
can be a name, a number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a musical
composition.
Data Representation
____________refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted
Digitization
the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be
processed by digital devices
binary digits
0s and 1s used to represent digital data
bit
0 or 1 used in digital representation of data
digital file
a named collection of data that exits on a storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD,
DVD, or flash drive
numeric data
consists of numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations
0&1
binary number system has only two digits:
character data
composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in calculations
name, address, and hair color
examples of character data
text
another name for character data
7 bits
How many bits does ASCII require for each character?
1000001
uppercase A in ASCII
8 bits
How many bits does extended ASCII require for each character?
256
Extended ASCII provides code for _____ characters.
16 bits
How many bits does Unicode require for each character?
65,000
Unicode provides code for _____ characters.
alphabets in multiple languages
Unicode is helpful for __________________.
numerals
,ASCII codes are used for ___________ such as SSN, and phone numbers.
ASCII text
plain unformatted text is sometimes called ______________. ends in a file name
blank.txt
formatting
ASCII text files contain no _____________.
Microsoft Word creates _____
iWork creates ________
binary digit
bit is an abbreviation for _____ _____.
digitize
You can use a scanner to ________ a document
8
There is __ bits in a byte
kilo(thousand), mega(million), giga(billion), tera(trillion)
4 prefixes for bytes or bits of data
data rates(internet connection speeds), file sizes, storage capacities
Generally bits are used for ____ _____ and bytes are used for ____ _____ and
_______ _________.
Data compression
____ ___________ refers to any technique that recodes the data in a file so that it
contains fewer bits
lossless and lossy
The two forms of compression are ________ and _____
lossless
This type of compression will reconstitute into its original state
lossy
This type of compression throws away some of the original data during the compression
process and is usually undetectable to the human eye
compression utility, zip tool
Tools for compressing data are sometimes referred to as ___________ _______ or a
___ ____
extracting or unzipping
The process of reconstituting files is called
.zip or .pkg, .gz, or .tar.gz
Compressed files usually end with ____ or ____, ___, or _______
Digital audio
_______ _____ is music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for
use in digital devices
samples
_______ of a sound wave are collected at periodic intervals and stored and numeric
data
sampling rate
The ________ ____ refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured
during the recording process
file, quality
,the higher the sampling rates = bigger ____ size and better _______
AAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, and WMA
popular audio file formats
audio plugin
An _____ ______ is software that works in conjunction with your computer's browser to
manage and play audio that you are accessing from a Web page
Download, Live stream, On-demand stream
three ways to acquire digital media
application and operating system
two types of audio software
digital audio extraction
technical term for "ripping" music tracks off a CD or DVD
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
what is MIDI
vocals
MIDI cannot produce
file size
MIDI has a much smaller ____ ____ than digital audio files
speech synthesis
the process by which machines produce sound that resemble spoken words
speech recognition
ability of a machine to understand spoken words
AP Computer Science Principles Unit 2 Test
1 song
2 to 5 mb
A series of books
A short novel has 1 mb, so a book should be 2mb, then in a series there are usually 5
books, so it should be 10 mb.
Heuristic
A problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an
optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
10,000 pictures
240,000 bits
Lossless Compression
A data compression algorithm that allows for the original data to be perfectly
reconstructed from the compressed data.
Image
A type of data used for graphics or pictures
Metadata
Data that describes other data. For example, a image my include information about the
size of the image, the numbers of colors, or resolution
Pixel
Short for "picture element" it is the basic unit of a digital image, normally a tiny square or
dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.
Resolution
, Number of how many pixels can be on your screen.
Hexadecimal
Uses numbers 0-9 and letters A-G representing values 0-15. Binary to Hexadecimal;
101= 5, 1010=A
Text Compression
The act of reducing the size of a file.
Lossy Compression
A compression algorithm that gets rid of "useless" or not really needed data to reduce
the size of the file. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.
Abstraction
Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. Breaking a
problem into separate parts that can be solved properly than put back together.
Focusing and using a thing based only on what it does and without concern for how that
functionality is accomplished.
Kilobyte
1,000 bytes
Megabytes
1,000,000 bytes or 1000 kilbytes
Gigabyte
1 billion bytes, or a thousand megabytes; common unit for modern hardware.
Terabyte
1 trillion bytes, or a 1000 gigabytes
Petabyte
1 quadrillion bits, or 1e+15 bytes
1 byte
8 bit
Exabyte
1 quintillion bits, or 1e+18
BMP (bitmap)
Text and data, uses lossless compression Ex: .txt and .pdf
JPEG (or JPG)
Graphics, lossy compression
WAV
Audio, lossless compression
PNG
Graphics, lossless compression
MP3
Audio, lossy compression
GIF
Graphic/video, lossy compression
ZIP
Various text files, lossless compression
Green
0F0
Red
F00
Units 1-10 Tests Answered Summer 2023.
AP Computer Science Principles Unit 1 Test
Data
________ refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Data
can be a name, a number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a musical
composition.
Data Representation
____________refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted
Digitization
the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be
processed by digital devices
binary digits
0s and 1s used to represent digital data
bit
0 or 1 used in digital representation of data
digital file
a named collection of data that exits on a storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD,
DVD, or flash drive
numeric data
consists of numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations
0&1
binary number system has only two digits:
character data
composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in calculations
name, address, and hair color
examples of character data
text
another name for character data
7 bits
How many bits does ASCII require for each character?
1000001
uppercase A in ASCII
8 bits
How many bits does extended ASCII require for each character?
256
Extended ASCII provides code for _____ characters.
16 bits
How many bits does Unicode require for each character?
65,000
Unicode provides code for _____ characters.
alphabets in multiple languages
Unicode is helpful for __________________.
numerals
,ASCII codes are used for ___________ such as SSN, and phone numbers.
ASCII text
plain unformatted text is sometimes called ______________. ends in a file name
blank.txt
formatting
ASCII text files contain no _____________.
Microsoft Word creates _____
iWork creates ________
binary digit
bit is an abbreviation for _____ _____.
digitize
You can use a scanner to ________ a document
8
There is __ bits in a byte
kilo(thousand), mega(million), giga(billion), tera(trillion)
4 prefixes for bytes or bits of data
data rates(internet connection speeds), file sizes, storage capacities
Generally bits are used for ____ _____ and bytes are used for ____ _____ and
_______ _________.
Data compression
____ ___________ refers to any technique that recodes the data in a file so that it
contains fewer bits
lossless and lossy
The two forms of compression are ________ and _____
lossless
This type of compression will reconstitute into its original state
lossy
This type of compression throws away some of the original data during the compression
process and is usually undetectable to the human eye
compression utility, zip tool
Tools for compressing data are sometimes referred to as ___________ _______ or a
___ ____
extracting or unzipping
The process of reconstituting files is called
.zip or .pkg, .gz, or .tar.gz
Compressed files usually end with ____ or ____, ___, or _______
Digital audio
_______ _____ is music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for
use in digital devices
samples
_______ of a sound wave are collected at periodic intervals and stored and numeric
data
sampling rate
The ________ ____ refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured
during the recording process
file, quality
,the higher the sampling rates = bigger ____ size and better _______
AAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, and WMA
popular audio file formats
audio plugin
An _____ ______ is software that works in conjunction with your computer's browser to
manage and play audio that you are accessing from a Web page
Download, Live stream, On-demand stream
three ways to acquire digital media
application and operating system
two types of audio software
digital audio extraction
technical term for "ripping" music tracks off a CD or DVD
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
what is MIDI
vocals
MIDI cannot produce
file size
MIDI has a much smaller ____ ____ than digital audio files
speech synthesis
the process by which machines produce sound that resemble spoken words
speech recognition
ability of a machine to understand spoken words
AP Computer Science Principles Unit 2 Test
1 song
2 to 5 mb
A series of books
A short novel has 1 mb, so a book should be 2mb, then in a series there are usually 5
books, so it should be 10 mb.
Heuristic
A problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an
optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.
10,000 pictures
240,000 bits
Lossless Compression
A data compression algorithm that allows for the original data to be perfectly
reconstructed from the compressed data.
Image
A type of data used for graphics or pictures
Metadata
Data that describes other data. For example, a image my include information about the
size of the image, the numbers of colors, or resolution
Pixel
Short for "picture element" it is the basic unit of a digital image, normally a tiny square or
dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.
Resolution
, Number of how many pixels can be on your screen.
Hexadecimal
Uses numbers 0-9 and letters A-G representing values 0-15. Binary to Hexadecimal;
101= 5, 1010=A
Text Compression
The act of reducing the size of a file.
Lossy Compression
A compression algorithm that gets rid of "useless" or not really needed data to reduce
the size of the file. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.
Abstraction
Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. Breaking a
problem into separate parts that can be solved properly than put back together.
Focusing and using a thing based only on what it does and without concern for how that
functionality is accomplished.
Kilobyte
1,000 bytes
Megabytes
1,000,000 bytes or 1000 kilbytes
Gigabyte
1 billion bytes, or a thousand megabytes; common unit for modern hardware.
Terabyte
1 trillion bytes, or a 1000 gigabytes
Petabyte
1 quadrillion bits, or 1e+15 bytes
1 byte
8 bit
Exabyte
1 quintillion bits, or 1e+18
BMP (bitmap)
Text and data, uses lossless compression Ex: .txt and .pdf
JPEG (or JPG)
Graphics, lossy compression
WAV
Audio, lossless compression
PNG
Graphics, lossless compression
MP3
Audio, lossy compression
GIF
Graphic/video, lossy compression
ZIP
Various text files, lossless compression
Green
0F0
Red
F00
