CPACC Exam Prep 2022 Complete Questions With
Verified Solutions Updated 2024
Theoretical models of disabilities
Frameworks that provide perspectives through which to understand disability.
UDL
Universal Design for Learning
WCAG 2.1
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines published on 5 June 2018.
WCAG 2.0
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines published on 11 December 2008.
WCAG 2.2
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is scheduled to be published by June 2022.
WCAG
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Accessibility standards set by the W3C to make web content more accessible to individuals with
disabilities.
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
CPACC
Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies
IAAP
International Association of Accessibility Professionals
WAS
Web Accessibility Specialist
CPWA
Certified Professional in Web Accessibility
Assistive Technology
,Adaptive Strategy
Disability Etiquette
Medical Model of Disability
Views disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other health
condition, which therefore requires sustained medical care provided in the form of individual treatment
by professionals.
This model supposes that disability may reduce quality of life.
Focuses on curing or managing illness or disability.
Strengths of the Medical Model
Addresses biological sources of disabilities, either by clinically curing them or providing medical means
to manage the condition(s).
A critical reality for many people.
The medical model supposes that a compassionate, just society invests in resources in health care and
related services in an attempt to cure or manage disabilities medically.
Weaknesses of the Medical Model
People with disabilities feel excluded, undervalued, or pressured to fit a norm and/or treated as if they
were globally incapacitated.
Treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the individual while overlooking the broader
sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible environments.
Society does not have to change to accommodate individuals with disabilities; individuals with
disabilities need to adapt to fit society.
Views health care and social service professionals are the only ones with the power to correct or modify
these conditions.
Social Model of Disability
Frames disability as a socially-created problem and a matter of full integration of individuals intro
society. Society disables people through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of
people without disabilities.
Disability is not an attribute of the person, but a complex collection of conditions, many of which are
created by the social environment.
From this perspective, equal access for someone with an impairment/disability is a human rights issue.
, Strengths of the Social Model
More inclusive; pro-active thought is given to how people with disabilities can participate in activities on
an equal footing with people without disabilities.
Makes it clear that the barriers and challenges experienced by people with disabilities are not inevitable
nor are they exclusively a characteristic of the individuals "broken body".
Society can contribute (and benefit) by ensuring the world is designed to accommodate a wide range of
human characteristics and abilities.
Weaknesses of the Social Model
De-emphasizes the physical reality of a disability too much, as if disability had nothing to do with bodily
characteristics at all.
Push for social justice can put activists at odds with other political interests, antagonize relationships,
and create political adversaries.
Biopsychosocial Model of Disability
Synthesizes what is true in the medical and social models to address perspectives of health from a
biologic, individual, and social perspective without reducing the whole, complex notion of disability to
one of its aspects.
Economic Model of Disability
A person's inability to participate in work. Also assess the degree to which impairment affects an
individual's productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer and the state.
Strengths of the Economic Model
- Recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work.
- Recognizes there may be a need for economic support and/or accommodations for the person's
disability.
Weaknesses of the Economic Model
- Creates a legally defined category of people who are needy, which can be stigmatizing.
- If a person doesn't meet the legal threshold for "disabled" or there is a dispute to a person's disability,
the person with the disability may not receive the support they need.
Functional Solutions Model of Disability
Identifications of the limitations ("functional impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to
find solutions to overcome those barriers and reduce the limitations through technological or
methodological innovation
Strengths of Functional Solutions Model
- Results-oriented; seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges.
Verified Solutions Updated 2024
Theoretical models of disabilities
Frameworks that provide perspectives through which to understand disability.
UDL
Universal Design for Learning
WCAG 2.1
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines published on 5 June 2018.
WCAG 2.0
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines published on 11 December 2008.
WCAG 2.2
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines is scheduled to be published by June 2022.
WCAG
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Accessibility standards set by the W3C to make web content more accessible to individuals with
disabilities.
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
CPACC
Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies
IAAP
International Association of Accessibility Professionals
WAS
Web Accessibility Specialist
CPWA
Certified Professional in Web Accessibility
Assistive Technology
,Adaptive Strategy
Disability Etiquette
Medical Model of Disability
Views disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other health
condition, which therefore requires sustained medical care provided in the form of individual treatment
by professionals.
This model supposes that disability may reduce quality of life.
Focuses on curing or managing illness or disability.
Strengths of the Medical Model
Addresses biological sources of disabilities, either by clinically curing them or providing medical means
to manage the condition(s).
A critical reality for many people.
The medical model supposes that a compassionate, just society invests in resources in health care and
related services in an attempt to cure or manage disabilities medically.
Weaknesses of the Medical Model
People with disabilities feel excluded, undervalued, or pressured to fit a norm and/or treated as if they
were globally incapacitated.
Treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the individual while overlooking the broader
sociopolitical constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible environments.
Society does not have to change to accommodate individuals with disabilities; individuals with
disabilities need to adapt to fit society.
Views health care and social service professionals are the only ones with the power to correct or modify
these conditions.
Social Model of Disability
Frames disability as a socially-created problem and a matter of full integration of individuals intro
society. Society disables people through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of
people without disabilities.
Disability is not an attribute of the person, but a complex collection of conditions, many of which are
created by the social environment.
From this perspective, equal access for someone with an impairment/disability is a human rights issue.
, Strengths of the Social Model
More inclusive; pro-active thought is given to how people with disabilities can participate in activities on
an equal footing with people without disabilities.
Makes it clear that the barriers and challenges experienced by people with disabilities are not inevitable
nor are they exclusively a characteristic of the individuals "broken body".
Society can contribute (and benefit) by ensuring the world is designed to accommodate a wide range of
human characteristics and abilities.
Weaknesses of the Social Model
De-emphasizes the physical reality of a disability too much, as if disability had nothing to do with bodily
characteristics at all.
Push for social justice can put activists at odds with other political interests, antagonize relationships,
and create political adversaries.
Biopsychosocial Model of Disability
Synthesizes what is true in the medical and social models to address perspectives of health from a
biologic, individual, and social perspective without reducing the whole, complex notion of disability to
one of its aspects.
Economic Model of Disability
A person's inability to participate in work. Also assess the degree to which impairment affects an
individual's productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer and the state.
Strengths of the Economic Model
- Recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work.
- Recognizes there may be a need for economic support and/or accommodations for the person's
disability.
Weaknesses of the Economic Model
- Creates a legally defined category of people who are needy, which can be stigmatizing.
- If a person doesn't meet the legal threshold for "disabled" or there is a dispute to a person's disability,
the person with the disability may not receive the support they need.
Functional Solutions Model of Disability
Identifications of the limitations ("functional impairments") that the disability creates with the intent to
find solutions to overcome those barriers and reduce the limitations through technological or
methodological innovation
Strengths of Functional Solutions Model
- Results-oriented; seeks to provide solutions to real-world challenges.
