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Absorption (Routes of entry)
The process by which the hazardous materials travel through body tissues until they reach the
bloodstream.
Acid
A material with a pH value less than 7.
Acute health affects
A health problem caused by relatively short exposure periods to a harmful substance that produces
observable conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns.
Alpha Particle
A positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials, identical to the nucleus of a
helium atom. (NFPA 801) Can be stopped by fabric
NFPA 801
Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials.
Asphyxiant
A materials that causes the victim to suffocate.
Base
A material with a pH value greater than 7
Beta Particle
An elementary particle, emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with a signle electrical charge
and a mass equal to 1/1837 that of a proton (NFPA 801). Can be stopped by fabric & door.
Blister Agent
A chemical that causes the skin to blister.
Blood agent
A chemical that, when absorbed by the body, interferes with the transfer of oxygen from the blood to
the cells.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid eventually turns to a gas.
Carcinogen
A cancer-causing substance
,Chemical change
The ability of a chemical to undergo an alteration in its chemical makeup, usually accompanied by a
release of some fort of energy.
Chlorine
A yellowish gas that is about 2.5 heavier than air and slightly water-soluble. Chlorine has many industrial
uses but also damages the lungs when inhaled; thus, a choking agent.
Choking agent
A chemical designed to inhibit breathing and typically intended to incapacitate rather than kill.
Chronic health hazard
a health problem occurring after a long-term exposure of a substance.
Contamination
The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or
equipment, all of which can act as carriers for the material.
Convulsant
A chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when absorbed by the body.
Corrosivity
The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts on the body.
Expansion Ratio
the ratio of the volume increase that occurs when a liquid material changes to a gas.
Exposure
The process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come in
contact with a hazardous material.
Fire Point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to an
ignition source. (NFPA 704)
Flammable Range
The range of concentrations between the LFL and UFL. (NFPA 68)`
Flammable Vapor
A concentration of constituent in air that exceeds 10% of its LFL (NFPA 115).
Flash point
, The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapor that, when an ignition source
is present, will result in a flash fire.
Gamma Rays
a type of radiation that can travel significant distances, penetrating most materials and passing through
the body. The most destructive type of radiation to the human body.
Hazard
Capable of causing harm.
HEPA filter
High Efficiency Particulate Air filter; a filter capable of catching particles down to 0.3-micron size - much
smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation particle.
Ignition (autoignition) temperature
The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
Ingestion
Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
Inhalation
Exposure to a hazardous material by breathing it into the lungs.
Injection
Exposure to a hazardous material by entering cuts or other breaches in the skin.
Ionizing radiation
Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of materials or cells with which it interacts,
including electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, alpha particle, beta particles, gamma rays, and
microwaves.
Irritant
A substance such as mace that can be dispersed to incapacitate a person or groups of people briefly.
Lewisite
A blister-forming agent that is an oily, colorless to dark brown liquid with an odor of geraniums. Pain is
immediate.
LFL
Lower Flammability Limit; the minimum amount of vapor needed to cause ignition.
Nerve Agent
A toxic substance that attacks the central nervous system in humans.
Absorption (Routes of entry)
The process by which the hazardous materials travel through body tissues until they reach the
bloodstream.
Acid
A material with a pH value less than 7.
Acute health affects
A health problem caused by relatively short exposure periods to a harmful substance that produces
observable conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns.
Alpha Particle
A positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials, identical to the nucleus of a
helium atom. (NFPA 801) Can be stopped by fabric
NFPA 801
Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Handling Radioactive Materials.
Asphyxiant
A materials that causes the victim to suffocate.
Base
A material with a pH value greater than 7
Beta Particle
An elementary particle, emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, with a signle electrical charge
and a mass equal to 1/1837 that of a proton (NFPA 801). Can be stopped by fabric & door.
Blister Agent
A chemical that causes the skin to blister.
Blood agent
A chemical that, when absorbed by the body, interferes with the transfer of oxygen from the blood to
the cells.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid eventually turns to a gas.
Carcinogen
A cancer-causing substance
,Chemical change
The ability of a chemical to undergo an alteration in its chemical makeup, usually accompanied by a
release of some fort of energy.
Chlorine
A yellowish gas that is about 2.5 heavier than air and slightly water-soluble. Chlorine has many industrial
uses but also damages the lungs when inhaled; thus, a choking agent.
Choking agent
A chemical designed to inhibit breathing and typically intended to incapacitate rather than kill.
Chronic health hazard
a health problem occurring after a long-term exposure of a substance.
Contamination
The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or
equipment, all of which can act as carriers for the material.
Convulsant
A chemical capable of causing convulsions or seizures when absorbed by the body.
Corrosivity
The ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts on the body.
Expansion Ratio
the ratio of the volume increase that occurs when a liquid material changes to a gas.
Exposure
The process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come in
contact with a hazardous material.
Fire Point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid will ignite and achieve sustained burning when exposed to an
ignition source. (NFPA 704)
Flammable Range
The range of concentrations between the LFL and UFL. (NFPA 68)`
Flammable Vapor
A concentration of constituent in air that exceeds 10% of its LFL (NFPA 115).
Flash point
, The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapor that, when an ignition source
is present, will result in a flash fire.
Gamma Rays
a type of radiation that can travel significant distances, penetrating most materials and passing through
the body. The most destructive type of radiation to the human body.
Hazard
Capable of causing harm.
HEPA filter
High Efficiency Particulate Air filter; a filter capable of catching particles down to 0.3-micron size - much
smaller than a typical dust or alpha radiation particle.
Ignition (autoignition) temperature
The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
Ingestion
Exposure to a hazardous material by swallowing it.
Inhalation
Exposure to a hazardous material by breathing it into the lungs.
Injection
Exposure to a hazardous material by entering cuts or other breaches in the skin.
Ionizing radiation
Radiation of sufficient energy to alter the atomic structure of materials or cells with which it interacts,
including electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, alpha particle, beta particles, gamma rays, and
microwaves.
Irritant
A substance such as mace that can be dispersed to incapacitate a person or groups of people briefly.
Lewisite
A blister-forming agent that is an oily, colorless to dark brown liquid with an odor of geraniums. Pain is
immediate.
LFL
Lower Flammability Limit; the minimum amount of vapor needed to cause ignition.
Nerve Agent
A toxic substance that attacks the central nervous system in humans.
