Final Exam: NR293/ NR 293 (2023/ 2024 Update) Pharmacology for Nursing Practice Final Exam Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers - Chamberlain

Final Exam: NR293/ NR 293 (2023/ 2024 Update) Pharmacology for Nursing Practice Final Exam Review| Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers - ChamberlainQUESTION How many milliliters (mL) are there in 1 cup? Answer: 1 cup= 240 mL QUESTION A patient is going to receive pantoprazole for an upper GI bleed. What would the RN want to educate the patient prior to discharge? Answer: Oral (PO) medication route will be given at home (IV only in hospital setting) QUESTION What are the common adverse effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)? Answer: -Hypoglycemia -Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) -Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) QUESTION A patient is going to receive cefoxitin (cephalosporin) IV. What would be important to assess before administering this antibiotic? Answer: Penicillin (PCN) allergyQUESTION A patient is allergic to penicillin. Why would it be an issue to administer cephalosporins? Answer: Cross sensitivity QUESTION What are the signs & symptoms of digoxin toxicity? Answer: -Diarrhea -Nausea -Vomiting -Anorexia -Halo lights -Blue and green vision QUESTION An RN has a patient who is receiving chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma and their absolute neutrophil count is QUESTION Why is this occurring?- Answer: Nadir (blood count is at the lowest point) QUESTION What is an adverse effect of the HIV medication Retrovir (zidovudine)? Answer: - Immunosuppression, aplastic anemia QUESTION If a patient is going to be administered Ambisome (amphotericin). What kind of premedications would he receive?Answer: Antiemetic & antipyretic QUESTION Which foods and drinks should a patient taking amoxicillin avoid? Answer: -Coffee (caffeinated beverages) -Acidic drinks -Chocolate -Tomato QUESTION What should the RN educate a patient that is taking tetracycline? Answer: -Use back up contraceptives -Use sunscreen when going outside -May cause photosensitivity -Do not take with antacids -Do not give to children because it will stain their teeth QUESTION How do you prepare an insertion site for IV? Answer: Cleanse area with Chlorhexi- dine QUESTION What is an adverse effect of Nolvadex (tamoxifen) that some women expe- rience? Answer: Hot flashes QUESTION Which antibiotic to be administered if the patient has been exposed to anthrax? Answer: Ciprofloxacin (cipro)QUESTION A patient has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and they are going to be taking methotrexate. What would the nurse educate the patient about self-care at home? Increase fluid intake to 2-3 L daily QUESTION If a patient is starting to get persistent diarrhea with antibiotic treatment, what should be prescribed? Lactobacillus acidophilus (a prophylactic) QUESTION If a patient is going to have an extensive colorectal surgery, what is the reason they would be given neomycin? Prevent gastrointestinal (GI) infection QUESTION What is the purpose of giving multiple chemo drugs at the same time? Due to cell cycles; By administering a variety, you get the best efficacy of killing the tumor(s) QUESTION Why do nurses give it Avastin (bevacizumab) to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? It limits vasculature that feeds the tumor which causes risks for bleeding out QUESTION If there is a patient that is having an allergic reaction to penicillin, what route would you administer the epinephrine? Answer: -Subcutaneous (SQ) Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:-Intramuscular (IM) QUESTION A patient is taking acyclovir. What is a common reason for prescribing this medication? Answer: Herpes (affects kidneys the most; monitor BUN and creatinine) QUESTION What is a common drug given for breast cancer and what are the adverse effects? Answer: Tamoxifen- can cause some bleeding QUESTION A patient is receiving a new prescription for Valium (diazepam) what do you educate? Answer: Do not drive on this medication QUESTION If you are an oncology nurse giving a placebo as part of a clinical trial to a cancer patient and the patient is starting to show some renal compromise, would it be important to report this finding to the head of research? Answer: Yes and the medication needs to be discontinued QUESTION A patient is taking buspirone and the nurse is teaching about adverse effects. What should they report to their provider? Answer: -Serotonin Syndrome -diaphoresis QUESTION What are the potential adverse effects of amphotericin?Answer: -Nephrotoxicity -Cardiac dysrhythmias -Neuro toxicity QUESTION What should the nurse do with the bubble/air in an Enoxaparin syringe? Answer: - Keep the bubble QUESTION A patient is taking Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) and they have an upcom- ing surgery. What should they do prior to surgery? Answer: Stop taking meds 5-7 days before surgery QUESTION A nurse is teaching a patient with COPD how to use an inhaler with a spacer. What would the nurse include in the patient education? Answer: Breathe out fully, breathe in for 2-3 seconds using spacer QUESTION How does Reglan (metoclopramide) work? Answer: Promotes gastric emptying QUESTION A patient is taking Lipitor (atorvastatin) they report they're having muscle pain and leg weakness what would you do? Answer: Go in and be evaluated by provider QUESTIONIf a nurse has a patient who is taking acarbose, when is the best time for the nurse to administer this medication to the patient? Answer: With their first bite of food QUESTION The nurse is speaking to her patient and the patient states they are unaware of any allergies but states that he develops a rash when receiving antibiotics. What would the nurse's follow-up question be? Answer: What the antibiotic was and what was the severity of the rash? QUESTION A patient receives Humalog (lispro) at 0815 in the morning and at 0930, the CNA finds the patient drowsy, sweating, and incoherent. What is happening with the patient? Answer: Hypoglycemic shock (Hypoglycemia) QUESTION A nurse has a patient who is having a mild allergic reaction. How should the nurse anticipate treating this patient? Answer: Administering an antihistamine (Benedryl) QUESTION Which antiemetic is likely to cause a prolonged QT interval? Answer: Zofran (on- dansetron) QUESTION A nurse is giving a patient an antibiotic for a bacterial infection. Which lab studies should the nurse monitor?Answer: White blood cell (WBC) level; if level is not decreasing, patient is resistant to that antibiotic QUESTION If a nurse is administering heparin to a patient with a pulmonary embolism, what lab values should the nurse review? Answer: aPTT (warfarin is INR) QUESTION If there is a patient that is receiving chemo for bladder cancer and they are reporting extreme fatigue and afebrile, what should the oncology nurse need to review? Answer: Look at CBC results-the patient possibly has an infection (low grade fever is common for those in chemo treatment) QUESTION As a nurse, is cosigning a narcotic waste acceptable if you did not witness the waste? Answer: No, under no circumstance (never). QUESTION If there is a patient with chronic renal disease, why would they be pre- scribed Epoetin Alfa? Answer: Increase red blood cell (RBC) production QUESTION Which medications interact with Motrin (ibuprofen)? Answer: -Warfarin -Antidiabetic meds-glimepiride -Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) QUESTIONWhen is it acceptable to give placebo? Answer: During clinical trials QUESTION When should you start antivirals? Answer: Within 48 hours QUESTION What is the herb kava used for? Answer: - Anxiety - Insomnia - Stress QUESTION If the nurse is teaching a patient about allopurinol, what would be important to include? Answer: -Increase fluid intake -Avoid organ meats, alcohol, foods high in protein, heavy gravy -Educate the importance to take every day QUESTION What is a condition that PPI would be prescribed early on? Answer: Erosive esophagitis QUESTION If a patient has had a lung transplant, why would they be given Zirgan (ganciclovir)? Answer: Prevention of Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV)QUESTION What is the normal serum lithium range? Answer: Therapeutic maintenance range: 0.6-1.2 mEq/L - - - Lithium toxicity: 1.5 mEq/L QUESTION An adolescent patient has ADHD and they are prescribed new prescrip- tions. What would the nurse want to teach the parents of the patient about administering these medications? Answer: -Give them break during weekends -Monitor height and weight -Give meds in the morning QUESTION A patient has meningitis and will be receiving aminoglycoside. What should the nurse assess before giving this medication? Answer: Ototoxic and nephro- toxicity QUESTION If you followed a nurse witnessed that they did not document that she administered a medication, what would you assume? What would you do next? Answer: That the med was not given; report it-give med name, date of incident, time they were supposed to receive meds, recent VS QUESTION A patient has a head injury and they are taking mannitol. What would indicate that it is working? Answer: Increased level of consciousness (LOC) QUESTION What should the RN educate a patient about Lomotil (Diphenoxylate / Atropine)?It is a controlled med and it decreases GI peristalsis QUESTION Before administering antibiotic, what is the best practice? Check for aller- gies and culture sensitivity QUESTION Patients that have HIV are at an increased risk for developing what condi- tion? Kaposi Sarcoma QUESTION If a patient who has CHF is taking digoxin because he is nauseated, what should the nurse do first? Assess vitals first-check for bradycardia QUESTION Why is it important to educate a patient to taper prednisone? Adrenocorti- cal insufficiency QUESTION If a patient is receiving Amphotericin B due to fungal infection, what should the nurse monitor first before administering? BUN levels QUESTION If a patient is taking warfarin, what foods should they avoid? Answer: -Anything with Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:Vitamin K -Garlic -Gingko -Ginger QUESTION What drugs might interact with stimulant laxatives? Answer: Antibiotics -Digoxin -Oral anticoagulants QUESTION If a patient is taking Rifadin (rifampin) what should you warn them about?- Answer: Red/orange bodily fluids QUESTION What does Neupogen (filgrastim) do and when should it be given? Answer: Builds WBC count and should be given 24 hours after chemo QUESTION If a patient has a history stable angina, they call the nurse to their room and complain of chest pain. What is the next step? Answer: -Administer nitro sublingual -Then administer again (2nd dose) after 5 minutes if he is still in pain (check if morphine is prescribed and administer while applying O2) -Max is three times QUESTIONA patient has been taking antibiotics for 1 week. Shortly after their infusion is started, they complain of feeling their throat is closing. What should the nurse do? Answer: Stop infusion QUESTION Common indication for cimetidine? Answer: GERD (acid control) QUESTION A patient with angina and what are his discharge instructions with nitro/ni- troglycerin? Answer: -Keep in container and kept cool -Do not put it in shirt pocket -Sublingual administration -Should burn (potency) -Lasts about 90 days after opening QUESTION If a patient is taking Aluminum Hydroxide three times daily, what is the major adverse effect they will experience? Answer: Constipation QUESTION A patient is taking a SSRI. What are the common adverse effects? Answer: Sexual dysfunction & weight gain QUESTION What is an important piece of education to inform a patient taking an MAOI? Answer: Avoid tyramines-beans, beer, red wine, processed meats, aged cheeseQUESTION What should the nurse teach her patients about taking calcium channel blockers? Answer: Increase fluid intake because it will cause constipation QUESTION A patient is taking rifampin for TB. What would the nurse monitor? Answer: Liver functions-ALT/AST QUESTION What is an expected side effect risperidone? Answer: Weight gain QUESTION If a patient is taking rifampin and INH, what should the nurse educate the patient to report? Answer: -Jaundice -Yellow sclera -Clay-colored stool QUESTION What is a normal serum potassium level? If the patient is taking a potassi- um-sparing diuretic, what are they at risk for? Answer: 3.5-5 mEq/L 5 HYPERkalemia QUESTION If a patient has a kidney transplant and they're taking cyclosporin, how long will they have to take it?Answer: For the rest of their life (do not take with grapefruit juice) QUESTION What other resources can look up medications? Answer: -PDR (physicians' desk reference) -USP (united states Pharmacopeia) QUESTION What would a nurse monitor with -mycin drugs? Answer: Peak & trough levels QUESTION What causes peptic ulcer diseases? Answer: H. pylori QUESTION If a patient who has history of kidney stones is prescribed a sulfa drug for an infection, what else should the nurse include other than finishing treatment? Answer: Educate and encourage the patient to drink 2-3 L of water (fluids) daily QUESTION An RN must administer a patient with seizures phenytoin. What should the nurse need to keep in mind when administering this medication? Answer: -Push it slowly -Use a filter -Only compatible with NS (you must flush out any other fluids) QUESTION What is an adverse effect of clindamycin?Answer: -Watery diarrhea -Increased risk for Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) QUESTION If a drug that has a long half-life, would it be administered more frequently or less? Answer: Less frequently QUESTION What does the term polypharmacy mean? Answer: Multiple medications being taken - Commonly occurs in older adults QUESTION If a patient is taking Klonopin (clonazepam), what other medications may have a drug-drug interaction with this medication? Answer: -Opioids -Benzodiazepines -Any other -pam drugs QUESTION If administering an antineoplastic agent peripherally to a patient and they complain of stinging, what should the nurse do next? Answer: Hold IV meds, leave IV cannula inserted, and elevate arm QUESTION As an RN, you see a pill container in a patient's room and there was a tablet in there. What is the risk? Answer: Doubled up on medicationQUESTION A patient that is taking lithium has blurred vision and observed ataxia. What should the nurse do next ? Answer: Withhold medications, contact provider, and order lithium level checks QUESTION Why is it advantage to give a patient PPIs with a GI bleed or peptic ulcer? Answer: -It helps with H. pylori -Few adverse effects -Needs to be given 30-60 minutes before meal QUESTION What is the normal range for WBC levels? Answer: 4,000-10,000 mm3 QUESTION What is the normal range for RBC levels? Answer: 4.2-6.1 x 10 (6)micro/L QUESTION What are the normal ranges for Hgb levels? Answer: F: 12-15 g/dL M: 13-18 g/dL QUESTION What are the normal ranges for platelets? Answer: 150,000-400,000 mm3QUESTION What is the normal range for pH? Answer: - 7.35 to 7.45 - 7.35= acidic - 7.45= basic QUESTION What is the normal range for PaCO2? Answer: 35-45 mm Hg QUESTION What is the normal range for PaO2? Answer: 80-100 mm Hg QUESTION What is the normal range for HCO3? Answer: 22-26 mEq/L QUESTION What is the normal range for SPO2? Answer: 95-100% QUESTION What is the normal range for BUN levels? Answer: 10-20 mg/dL QUESTIONWhat is the normal range for Creatinine? M: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL F: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL QUESTION What is the normal glucose level range? 70-110 mg/dL QUESTION What is the normal K (potassium) level range? 3.5-5 mEq/L QUESTION What is the normal Na (sodium) level range? 135-145 mEq/L QUESTION What is the normal coagulation range for aPTT? 30-40 seconds QUESTION What is the normal range for INR? 0.7-1.8 (on coagulation 2-3) QUESTION How many ounces (oz) are in a pound (lb)? Answer: 1 lb= 16 oz Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:QUESTION NPH Answer: Intermediate-acting insulin Onset: 1-2hr, Peak: 5-8hr, Duration: 10-18hr QUESTION Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine Answer: Rapid-acting insulin (bolus) Onset: 5-15mins, Peak: 2.5hr, Duration: 3-5hrs Clients should eat within 5-15 minutes after injection QUESTION glargine, detemir, degludec Answer: - long-acting insulin - Onset: 1-2hrs, Peak: None, Duration: 24hrs QUESTION Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) Answer: - Short-acting insulin - Administer 30 to 60 min before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia - Onset: 30-60mins; Peak: 2-3 hours; Duration: 6-10 hours QUESTION The RN is administering 12 units of regular insulin and 22 units of NPH. How much air does the RN inject into the NPH vial? Answer: 22 units of air QUESTION Most common (and annoying) side effect of ACE inhibitors? Answer: CoughingQUESTION Pharmacokinetics The study of what the body does to the drug QUESTION Pharmacodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body QUESTION Pharmacotherapeutics The study that focuses on the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases QUESTION Pharmacogenomics The study of how genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs QUESTION If a patient becomes digoxin toxic, what will the RN administer? DigiFab QUESTION What pharmacological class is ibuprofen in? Anti-inflammatory drugs QUESTION Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:A patient has an enteral feeding and he is receiving Theophylline PO 4 times a day. What should the nurse do when administering this medication to this patient? Answer: Stop feeding tube and hold feeding 2 hours before and 1 hour after QUESTION If a patient has heart failure and has a potassium level of 2, what medication is most likely causing this lab result? Answer: Furosemide (Lasix) QUESTION What kind of insulin is glargine? Answer: Long-acting QUESTION How many microgram (mcg) are in 1 milligram (mg)? Answer: 1 mg= 1000 mcg QUESTION How many liters (L) are in 1 milliliter (mL)? Answer: 1 L= 1000 mL QUESTION How many teaspoons (tsp) are in 1 tablespoon (tbsp)? Answer: 1 tbsp= 3 tsp QUESTION How many ounces (oz) are in 1 cup?1 cup= 8 oz QUESTION How many grams (g) are in 1 kilogram (kg)? 1 kg= 1000 g QUESTION How many milliliters (mL) are in 1 teaspoon (tsp)? 1 Tsp= 5 mL QUESTION How many milliliters (mL) are in 1 ounce (oz) ? 1 oz= 30 mL QUESTION How many pounds (lbs) are in 1 kilogram (kg)? 1 kg= 2.2 lbs QUESTION How many milliliters (mL) are in 1 tablespoon (tbsp)? 1 tbsp= 15 mL QUESTION How many milligrams (mg) are in 1 gram (g)? Answer: 1 g= 1000 mg Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: