IELTS Study Guide 2023 with complete solution

IELTS Study Guide 2023 with complete solution civilian - Eight of the passengers were soldiers and one was a marine; the rest were civilians. complicated - if some of the requirements for graduation seem complicated, see your guidance counsellor. He will be glad to explain them to you. concur - Good sportsmanship requires you to accept the umpire's decision even if you do not concur with it. confirm - My physician thought I had broken my wrist, and an X-ray later confirmed his opinion. digress - At the point of his talk, the speaker digressed to tell us of his incident in his childhood, but then he got right back to his topic. condiment - There is a shelf in our kitchen for pepper, salt, mustard, catsup and other condiments. devour - The hikers were so hungry that they devoured the hamburgers as fast as they were served. edible - Never eat wild mushrooms, even though they look edible. They may be poisonous. glutton - I had a second helping and I would have the third except that I didn't want to be considered as a glutton. luscious - he watermelon were very luscious. Everyone wanted another slice palatable - The main dish had little flavor, but I made it palatable by adding condiments. slake - On a sultry afternoon, you can see a long line of people at the drinking fountain, waiting to slake their thirst. succulent - The stake will be dry if you leave it in the oven longer. Take it out now if you want it to be ious - Chester would not be overweight if he were not a voracious eater. chronic - Carl's sore arm is not a new development, but the return of a chronic ailment. Rhoda is a chronic complainer. She is always dissatisfied. concurrent - When a strike is settled, there will probably be an increase in wages and a concurrent increase in prices. dawdle - My sister dawdles over dishes. Mother gets them done without wasting time. imminent - By the sudden darkening of the skies and a thunder in the distance, we could tell that the rain was imminent. incipient - Certain serious diseases can be successfully treated if detected in incipient stages. intermittent: - There were intervals when the sun broke through the clouds , because the showers were intermittent. perennial - Don't think that war only plagued in our times. It has been a perennial curse of man. Some grasses last only a year. Others are perennial. procrastinate - Most of the picnickers took cover when rain seemed imminent. The few procrastinated got drenched. protract - We had planned to stay for only lunch but, at the host's insistence, we protracted our visit until after dinner. sporadic - Though polio has been practically wiped out, there have been some sporadic cases of the disease. denizen - On the safari, the hunters stalked lions, tigers and other ferocious denizens of the jungle. Domicile - The announcement read:" The Coppers have moved, and they invite you to visit them at their new domicile, 22 Apple Street. inmate - When the warder took charge, the prison had fewer than 100 inmates. migrate - Because they were persecuted in England,the Puritans migrated to Holland. In winter, many European birds migrate to the British Isles in search of a more temperature climate. native - The entire Russo family are natives of New Jersey except their grandparents, who were born in Italy.Tobacco, tomatoes, and potatoes are native American plants that were introduced into European by explorers returning from the New World. Nomad - Nomads have no fixed homes, but move from region to region to secure their food supply. Nomadic - Would you like to give up your permanent residence for the nomadic adventures of trailer living. Sojourn - On his trip home, Gerald will stop in St. Louis for two -day sojourn with relatives. Economize - Housewives can economize by buying their milk in gallon containers. Frugal - The old man had nothing to eat but bread and cheese; yet he offered to share this frugal meal with his visitor. The allowance of $5 a week for lunches and fares is not much, but you can get by on it if you are frugal. Impoverish - The increase in dues is only 10 cents, it won't impoverish any member indigence - By hand work, countless thousands of Americans have raised themselves from indigence to wealth. Affluent - the new wing to the hospital was made possible by a gift of $500.000 from an affluent contributor. Avarice - People who suffer avarice spend less and save much more than they should. covet - Cory coveted his neighborhood's farm but couldn't get her to sell it. dowry - With his wife's dowry, the young attorney was able to open a law office. fleece - If your brother paid $400 for that car, he was fleeced. The mechanic says it is worth $150. Hoard - Salas Marner had a reputation as a miser who hoarded every penny he could get his hands on. lavish - The young heir was warned that he would soon have nothing left if he continued to be lavish with his money. Vera's composition is good, but it doesn't deserve the lavish praise that Linda gave it. lucrative - Because his gas station did not produce a sufficient profit, the owner decided to go into a more lucrative - To own an expensive home, a yacht, and a limousine, you need to be a man of means. opulence - Dicken contrasts the opulence of French's nobility with the indigence of her peasants. sumptuous - The car with the leather upholstery and thick rugs is beautiful but a bit sumptuous for a person of my simple tastes. apprehensive - Several apprehensive parents telephoned the school when their children were late in getting home from museum trip. cower - Brave men defy tyrants, instead of cowering before them. craven - A hero risks his life to help others, a craven runs from the scene. dastardly - It was dastardly of the captain to desert the sinking vessel and leave the passengers to fend for themselves. intimidate - The younger boy would not have given the playing field so quickly if the older boys had not intimidated them. timid - If the other team challenges us, we should accept. Let's not be so timid. trepidation - I thought Carol would be nervous when she made the speech, but she delivered it without trepidation. audacious: - Risking serious injury, the outfielder made an audacious leap against the concrete wall to caught the powerfully hit ball. After we had been waiting for about 20 minutes, an audacious freshman came along and tried to get in at the head of the line. Dauntless: - the frightened sailors wanted to turn back, but their dauntless leader urged them to sail on. exploit: - Rober. E. Peary won worldwide fame for his exploits as an Arctatic explorer. fortitude: - The captain showed remarkable fortitude in continuing to lead their men despite painful wound. indomitable: - Columbus had an indomitable belief that he would reach the land by sailing west. plucky: - Though defeated, our team put up a plucky defense against taller and huskier : - When a person loses his temper, he may say something rash and regret it afterwards. accede: - when I asked my English teacher if I might change my topic, she readily acceded to my request. accord: - Though we are in accord on what our goals should be, but we differ on the means for achieving them. compact - : The states bordering the Delaware River have entered into a compact for sharing its water. compatible: - Miss Evans knows that Authur and I can not be on the same committee. We are not compatible. compromise : - At first, the union and the manager were far apart on wages, but they finally came to a compromise. conform: - when a new style of clothes appears, women usually hasten to confrom it. consistent: - By bringing up an unrelated matter, you are not being consistent with your previous statement that you should stick to the topic. correspond: - The rank of the second leiutenant in the Army corresponds to that of ensign in the Navy. Dovetail: - Gilbert's skill as a writer dovetailed Sullivan's talent as a composer, resulting in the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. reconcile: - After our quarrel, my brother and I refused to talk to each other until our Mother reconciled us. relent: - The Mayor has banned all lawn sprinkling because of water shortage. However, if the reservoirs fill up, he may relent somewhat. altercation: - The teacher halted the altercation by separating two opponents before they could come to blows. antagonize: - The official antagonized the leader of his party by accusing him of cowardice. cleavage: - Our party hopes to repair the cleavage in its ranks so that it may present a united front in the coming elections. discord: - Billy Budd put an end to the discord aboard the right-of-man. He was an excellent epancy: - Eighty students came to the dance but only seventy-four tickets were collected. Can you account for this discrepancy? dissent: - The vote approving the amendment was far from unanimous; six members dissented. embroil: - Motorists who disregard traffic regulations eventually become embroiled with law. estrange: - A quarrel over inheritance estranges brothers for many years. friction: - At the budget hearing, there was considerable friction between supporters and opponents of higher taxes. irreconcilable: - It is doubtful that anyone can make peace between estranged partners. They have become irreconcilable. litigation: - Some business disputes can be settled out the court; others require litigation. at variance: - Cythia is an independent thinker. Her opinions are often at variance with those of the rest of the class. wrangle: - When I left, two neighbors were quarreling noisily. When I returned an hour later, they were still wrangling compulsory: - State law makes attendance at school compulsory for children of certain ages. entail: - Can you family afford the extra expense a larger apartment entails? essence: - The union and management held a lengthy meeting without getting to the essence of the men's dissatisfaction-low wages. gratuitous: - were it not for your gratuitous intervention, the children would have quickly settled their dispute. imperative: - If you have failed a subject you need for graduation, it is imperative that you go to summer school. incumbent: - He felt incumbent on him to pay for the window since he had hit the ball that broke it. indispensable: - We can do without luxuries and entertainment. However, food, clothing and, shelter are sitate: - Mr.Gans told Helen that her refusal to work necessitates his sending for her parents. oblige: - If your friend were in trouble, wouldn't you feel oblige to go his help? obviate. - Karen has agreed to lend me the book I need. This obviates my trip to the library. prerequisite: - A mark of a least 75% in Basic Art is a prerequisite for Advanced Art. pressing: - Before preparing tomorrow's party, I have some more pressing matters to attend to , such as finishing reports. superfluous: - Since we have enough food for the picnic, please don't bring any because it will only be superfluous. forearm: - Henry protected his face for George's blows by raising his forearms. forebear: - ant: descendant; His forebears migrated to American for Ireland. foreboding: - Before the day of the accident, I had a foreboding that something would go wrong. forecast: - Have you listened to the weather forecast for tomorrow? forefront: - In combat the officer was always standing in the forefront of the attack, leading his men on to victory. foregoing: - Carefully review the foreboding chapter before reading any further. foremost: - Did you know Benjamin Franklin was one of the foremost inventors of the eighteenth century? foreshadow: - Our defeat in the championship game was foreshadowed by the injuries to two of our star players in a previous game. foresight: - Foresight is better than hindsight. .foreword: - Before Chapter I, there is a brief foreword in which the author explains why he wrote the book. misbelief: - People thought the Earth was flat until Columbus corrected that misbelief. misdeed: - The wrongdoer was punished for his misdeed by a fine and re: - The bear escaped when the hunter's rifle misfired. misgiving: - Dad has no misgivings when my mother takes the wheels because she is an excellent driver. mishap: - Right after the accident, each driver blamed the other for the mishap. mislay: - Yesterday I mislaid the biology book, it took me about a half of hour to find it. mislead - : Some traffic signs are so confusing that they mislead the traveler. output - The output of the average American factory worker is steadily increasing. outrun - We scored a touchdown when Joel caught a forward pass and outran his pursuers outspoken - Marty sometimes hurts others when he criticizes their work because he is too outspoken. outwit - Sherlock Homes manages to outwit the cleverest criminals. overbearing - When the monitor gave too many orders, the teacher scolded him for being overbearing overburden - It would overburden me to have a piano lesson Thursday because I have so much homework on that day. overconfident - I was sure of passing that I wasn't going to study, but Dad advised me not to be overconfident. overdose - Don't take more medicine the doctor ordered; an overdose may be dangerous. overestimate - Joe underestimated the capacity of the bus when he thought it could hold of 60; it has room for only 48. overgenerous - Because the service was poor; Mom thought Dad was overgenerous in leaving the waiter a 15% tip overshadow - Gary's errors in the field overshadowed his good work at the plate. oversupply - We have a shortage of unskilled technicians but an oversupply of unskilled workers. overwhelm - The department store guards were nearly overwhelmed by the crowds of shoppers waiting for the sale to idged - Though an abridged dictionary is convenient to use, it contains far fewer definitions than an unabridged dictionary. unbiased - Don't ask the mother of a contestant to serve as a judge because it may be hard for her to remain unbiased. unconcern - The audience was breathless with anxiety during the daring tightrope act, though the acrobats themselves performed with seeming unconcern for their own safety. undeceive - If you think I can get Mr.Owen to hire you because he is my cousin,let me undeceive you. I have no influence with him. ungag - With the dictator's downfall, the censorship decrees were abolished and the press was ungagged. unnerve - The unsportsmanlike noises of the fans so unnerved our star player that he missed two foul shots in a row. unquenchable - Many teenagers have an unquenchable thirst for adventure stories, they read one after another unscramble - The previous secretary had mixed up the files so badly that it took my sister about a week to unscramble them. unshackle - When mutinous sailors were put in irons in the older days, nobody was allowed to unshackle them unwary - An unwary pedestrian is more like to be struck by a car than those who looks both ways and crosses with the light, underbrush - On its way through the dense jungle, the patrol had to be constantly wary of enemy soldiers concealed in the underbrush. undergraduate - Most undergraduates took four years to earn a degree, but some achieve it sooner by attending summer sessions. underpayment - If too little deducted from Dad's weekly wages for the income tax, it results in an underpayment at the end of the year. underprivileged - The underprivileged child from the crowded slum tenement has more problems to overcome than a child from the middle-class home. underscore - When we take notes, the teacher wants us to underscore the items that are especially sell - When discount houses tried to undersell the department stores, the latter reduced prices too, and adopted the slogan " We will not be undersold". undersigned - Among the undersigned in the petition to the governor were some of the most prominent persons in the state. understatement - Frank's remark that he was "slightly bruised" in the accident was an understatement, he suffered two fractured ribs. understudy - When the star is recuperating from her illness,her role will be played by her understudy upcoming - The management will be glad to email you its " Future Attractions" leaflet which contains news of upcoming films. upgrade - to qualify for better jobs, many employees attend evening courses where they can upgrade their skills. upheaval - The prime minister's proposal for new taxes created such an upheaval that his government fell. upkeep - My neighbor traded his own car because the upkeep had become too high. upright - When knocked off his feet, the boxer waited till the count of nine before returning to the upright position. upstart - When the new representative entered the legislature, some older members received him coldly because they regarded him as an upstart. uproot - The love of liberty is so firmly embedded in men's hearts that no tyrant can hope to uproot it. upturn - Most merchants report a slowdown in the sales for October, but confidently upturn with the approach of Christmas. adapt - People who work at night have to adapt themselves to sleeping in the daytime Clarence Dạy's book LIFE WITH FATHER was adapted for the stage. addicted - You won't become addicted to smoking if you refuse cigarettes when they are offered. adequate - The student who arrived ten minutes late did not have adequate time to finish the ent - You can count on Martha to support in your campaign for reelection. She is one of your most loyal adherents. adjacent - The island of Cuba is adjacent to Florida. adjoin - Mexico adjoins The United States. adjourn - The judge adjourned the court to the following Monday. advent - The Weather Bureau gave adequate warning of the advent of the hurricane. adversary - Before the contest began, the champion shook hands with his adversary. adverse - Because of the adverse reviews, the producer announced that the play will close with tonight's performance. enervate - Irma was so enervated by the broiling sun that she nearly fainted. evoke - The suggestion to lengthen the school year evoked the considerable opposition. invoke - Refusing to answer the question, the witness invoked the Fifth Amendment, which protects a person from being compelled to testify against himself. excise - With a penknife, he peeled the apple and excised the wormy part. incise - The letters on the monument had been incised by a chisel. exclusive - The exclusive club does not readily accept newcomers. Before the game, each team had exclusive use of the field for 10-minute practice period. inclusive - The film will be shown from August 22 to 24, inclusive, the total of three days. inhibit - Ellen told the child not to cry, but he could not inhibit his tear. expel - Expelled from the university because of the poor grades, the student applied for readmission the following term. impel - Greg's low mark in the midterm impelled him to study harder for the final. implicate - The accused is not only guilty part; two other are were also implicated. impugn - The treasurer should not have been offended when asked for a financial report. No one was impugning his cerate - On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris freed the prisoners incarcerated in the Bastilles. inscribe - The name of the winner will be inscribed on the medal. insurgent - The King promised to pardon any insurgent who would lay down his arms. General Washington led the insurgent forces in the Revolutionary War. Fatigue - Why not take the elevator? Climbing up the stairs will fatigue you. Infallible - When Phill disputes my answer or I question his,we often take it to our math teacher. We consider her judgement infallible. pilfer - The shoplifter was apprehended with a number of pilfered articles in his possession. province - If your brother misbehaves in school, you have no right to punish him; that is your parent's province. reflect: - I could have had given a much better answer if I had had more time to reflect. Apprehend - Now I see how foolish I was to apprehend the outcome of the test. I passed it easily. cleave: - Some of the inhabitants are hostile to new ways; they cleave to the customs and traditions of the past. culprit - The last time we were late for the party, I was the culprit. I was not ready when you called for me. facetious - Bob meant it when he said he was quitting the team. He was not being facetious. insoluble - Scientists are finding solutions to many problems that up to now are insoluble. Salt dissolves in water, but sand is insoluble. abate - The water shortage is abating, but it is a matter of concern. Mike's close defeat in tennis tournament has not abated his zeal for the game. accord - If both sides to the dispute can be brought to the conference table, they can come to an accord. Check to see if your definition accords with the one in the dictionary. aggravate - if you sunburn itches, don't scratch; that will aggravate gerent - Bert still likes to settle his arguments with his fists. When will he learn that it's childish to be so belligerent ? conspicuous - Among the Manhattan's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building is conspicuous for its superior height. craft - The weavers of the Oriental rugs are famous for their superior craft. The Greek took Troy by craft; they use the trick of the wooden horse. deter - The heavy rain did not deter people from coming to the school play. Nearly every seat was occupied. fictitious - The suspect said he lived at 234 Green Street, but he later admitted it was a fictitious address. miniature - She has a miniature stapler in her purse. It takes up a little room immaculate - The curtains were spotless; the tablecloth was immaculate, too. quintet - Because it has five players, a basketball team is often called a quintet defiance - The union showed defiance of the court order against the strike by calling the workers off their jobs. infraction - Parking at the bus stop is illegal. Motorists committing this infraction are heavily fined. insubordinate - Do as Mother says. If you are insubordinate, Father will probably hear. insurrection - Troops had to be used in 1794 to put down an insurrection. malcontent - The stoppage was caused by malcontents who felt they had been ignored when the promotions were made. perverse - Though I had carefully explained the shorter routes to him, the perverse youngster came by the longer way. sedition: - the author of the pamphlet advocating the overthrow of the government was arrested for sedition. transgress - Ronald's previous record showed he had been an obedient student and had never transgressed school regulations. trespass - The owner erected a "Keep Off" sign to discourage strangers from trespassing on his esce - Though I wasn't enthusiastic about Tom's plan to go fishing, I acquiesced in it because there seemed there was nothing else to do allegiance - Every school day, millions of children "pledge allegiance to the United States of America and the republic for which it stands." defer - Husbands as a rule do not decide on the colors of home furnishings, but defer to their wives in these matters. docile - He is easy to teach, but his brother is not so docile. meek - Only two of the girls protested when ordered off the field. The rest were too meek to complain. pliable - We tried to get Joe to change his mind, but he was not pliable. Perhaps you can influence him. default - The Royals must be on the playing ground before 4pm. If they do not appear, they will lose the game by default. The finance company took away Gee's car when he defaulted on the payments. heedless - Before his injury, he used to jump from the stairs, heedless of the "No Jumping" sign. Now he pays attention to it. inadvertent - Unfortunately, I made an inadvertent remark about Irma's failure while he was present. neglect - Some of the students of the play neglected their studies during the rehearsals, but after the performance they caught up quickly. For leaving his post, the guard was charged with neglect of duty. remiss - The owner of stolen car was himself remiss. He left the keys in the vehicle. aver - Two eyewitnesses averred they had seen the defendant at the scene. veracity - Since you have lied to us in the past, you should not wonder that we doubt your veracity. verdict - the hung jury is one that has been unable to reach a verdict. verify - So far, the charges have been neither disproved or verified veritable - As the pretended heirs of Peter Wills were disposing of the fortune, the veritable heirs nly - You would not expect anyone so neat in her personal appearance to be slovenly in her housekeeping. discreet - You were discreet not to say anything about our plans when Herry was here. He can't keep a secret. heed - Our teacher said that we might have a test but I didn't heed her. That's why I was unprepared. meticulous - Before signing a contract, one should read carefully, including the fine print. This is one case where it pays to be meticulous. scrupulous - Mr.Brooks refused to be a judge because his wife'nice was a contestant. He is very scrupulous. verity - That smoking is injurious to health is a scientifically established verity. scrutinize - The guard at the gate scrutinized his pass before letting him in, but he just glanced at mine. solicitude - My brother's solicitude over getting into college ended when he received the word that he had been accepted. vigilance - The night watchman who apprehended the thief was praised for his vigilance. wary - General Braddock might not have been defeated if he had been wary of an ambush. proficient - When I fell behind in French, the teacher asked one of the most proficient students to help me. profuse - Despite a large income, the actor has saved very little because he is a profuse spender. Project - Huge streams of water, projected by the fireboat's powerful engine, fell on the blazing pier. propel - Jet-propelled planes travel at very high speeds. proponent - At the budget hearing, both the proponents and opponents of the tax increase will be able to present their views submit - Though he boasted he would never be taken alive, the outlaw submitted without a struggle when the police able: - For his cabinet, the dictator wanted tractable men. Therefore, he appointed no one whom he could not control. protrude - Keep your feet under your desk; do not let them protrude into the aisle. provoke: - Jeff's account of his experiences on a farm provoked much laughter. There would have been no fight if you hadn't provoked your brother by calling him names. amicable - Charlotte is an amicable child; everybody likes her. amity - We must look ahead when the dispute is over and amity is restored. amorous - From the famous balcony scene, the amorous Romeo expresses undying love for Juliet. enamoured - An English settler became enamoured of the beautiful princess and married her. discontent - Dan was discontent at his French mark; he had expected at least 10 points more. discredit - The parents discredited the child's story since he was in the habit of telling falsehoods. disintegrate - The explosion disintegrated an entire wing of the factory. dispassionate . - For a dispassionate account of how the fight started, as a neutral observer -not a participant disrepair - The bicycle I lent Tom had been in good condition, but he returned it in disrepair. dissent - When the matter was put to a vote, 29 agreed and 4 dissented. dissident - The compromise was welcomed by all the strikers except a small dissident group who felt that the raises were too small. contraband - customs officials examined the luggage of the suspected smuggler but found no contraband. counter - The student's plan to drop out of school ran counter to his parents' wishes. contravene - By invading the neutral nation, the dictator contravened his earlier pledge to guarantee its ermand - The teacher ordered the students to go to the end of the line, but the teacher countermanded the order. incontrovertible - The suspect's fingerprints on the safe were considered incontrovertible evidence that he had participated in the robbery. intercede - My brother would have lost the argument if Dad hadn't interceded for him. intercept - We gained possession of the ball when Russ intercepted a forward pass. interlinear - It is difficult to make interlinear notes if the space between lines is very small. interlude - Between World War II and the Korean War, there was a five-year interlude of peace. intermediary - For his role as intermediary in helping to end the Russo-Japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize. intermission - During the intermission between the first and second acts, you will have a chance to purchase refreshments. intersect - Broadway intersects Seventh Avenue at Times Square. interurban - The only way to get to the next town is by automobile or taxi; there is no interurban bus. depose - Did the king abdicate or was he deposed? impose - Cleaning up after the job is the repairman's responsibility. Don't let him impose it on you. superimpose - Today's snowfall superimposed a fresh two inches on yesterday's accumulation. transpose - There is a misspelled word on your paper "strenght". Correct it by transposing the last two letters. conscript - When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government conscripts additional men inscription - The inscription on Paul's medal reads " For excellence in English" prescribe - The law prescribes that aliens may not vote. Her physician prescribed some pills, a light diet and plenty of iction - Before beginning his difficult journey, the young man visited his parents to receive their benediction. malediction - With her dying breath, Queen Dido pronounced a malediction on Aeneas and all his descendants. benefactor - The museum could not have been built without the gift of a million dollars by a wealthy benefactor. malefactor - Shortly after the crime, the malefactor was apprehended and turned over to the police. beneficiary - The poor and the needy will be the beneficiaries of your gift to the community fund. benevolent - A benevolent employer has a sincere interest in the welfare of his employees. malevolent - David Balfour visits his malevolent uncle who tries to kill him. maladjusted - Carlo was maladjusted in the early stages, not because of poor intelligence but because he couldn't speak English. malice - I suspect Ronnie stripped me so that I wouldn't be able to play tomorrow. He did it no as a joke but out of malice. maltreat - The two new photographers were attacked by the mob, and their cameras were smashed. It is disgraceful that they were so maltreated. decadent - The decadent downtown section was once a flourishing business district. deciduous - Maple, elm, birch and other deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall. demented - Whoever did this must have been demented, no sane person would have been acted in such a way. demote - For being absent without leave, the corporal was demoted to private. depreciate - Automobiles depreciate rapidly; a $2500 car is worth less than $2000 with a year of purchase. The building superintendent feels depreciated if you refer to him as the "janitor". Despise - He was despised by his fellow Americans for betraying his country. Deviate: - This teacher notifies the parents when a student neglects his homework, and he will not deviate his rule in your case.Secede - When Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Secession - South Caroline's secession was imitated by ten other states and led to the formation of the Confederacy. Segregate - In most schools. boys and girls attend the same classes, except in health education, where they are segregated. affinity - Because they share the same language and ideals, Americans and Englishmen have a deep affinity for one another. confine - I will confine my remarks to the cause of the War in 1812, the next speak will discuss its results. definitive - # tentative, provisional Remember that your answer will be treated as definitive. You will not be permitted to change it. finale - Every skit in our class show was loudly applauded from the opening scene to the finale. fluid - Air, water, molasses and milk are fluids. During November, the military situation remained fluid, with advances and retreated by both sides. cajole - to make somebody do something by talking to them and being very nice to them synonym coax cajole somebody (into something/into doing something) He cajoled me into agreeing to do the work. cajole something out of somebody I managed to cajole his address out of them. flux - When prices are in the state of flux, many buyers delay purchases until the conditions are more settled. influx - The discovery of gold in California in 1848 caused a large influx of settlers from the East. degenerate - But for the skill of the presiding officer, the debate degenerated into an exchange of insults. engender - Name-calling engenders hatred. progenitor - The Bibles states that Adam was a progenitor of human erate - The new manager regenerated the losing team and made it a strong contender for first place. aggregate - The aggregate strength of allies was impressive, though individuals some were quite weak. aggregation - At the airport, the homecoming champions were welcomed by the aggregation of admirers. congregation - The minister addressed the congregation on the importance of brotherhood. gregarious - Except for hermits and recluses, who shun company, most people are gregarious. Segregation - The warden believes in segregation from the first offender to hardened criminals Adhere - Apply the stickers according to direction , or it will not adhere Cohere - I glued together the fragments of the vase, but they did not cohere Coherence - If the relationship between the first sentence and what follows it is not clear, the paragraph lacks coherence. Cohesion - There can be no real cohesion in an alliance if the parties have little in common. Blunder - Have you ever committed the blunder of mailing a letter without a postage stamp Dispel - The two officers were commended for their skill in dispelling the mob and preventing violence Diminutive - To an observer in an airplane high over the city, the largest buildings seem diminutive Dormant - In early spring,new buds begin to appear on shrubs and trees that have been dormant all winter Exempt - The three students are exempt from the spelling test, they got 100% in the original test. succumb - succumb to something His career was cut short when he succumbed to cancer. He finally succumbed to Lucy's charms and agreed to her request.She succumbed to the temptation of another drink Recoil: - He recoiled at the thought of singing in the amateur show, but he went through it because he had promised to participate Reflection: - When a question is complicated, don't give the answer that comes to mind. Take time for reflection Yesterday's defeat was no reflection on our players;they did their very best. Capsize: - When Sam's canoe capsized, I swam over to help him turn it right side up Contend: - Every spring, baseball writers try to predict two teams that will contend in the next world series. Divulge - Yesterday our teacher read us a composition without divulging the name of the writer. Incense:. - Some of the members were so incensed by the way Jack opened the meeting that they walked right out Magnify - The bacteria in your textbook are greatly magnified, their real size is considerably smaller. Rummage - Someone must have been rummaged my desk; everything in it is in disorder. Puncture - : My neighbor swept a nail off his curb, and later it punctured one of his own tires. traverse - The Trans-Siberian Railroad completed in 1905, traverse the Asian continent. velocity: - Do you know that light travels at a velocity of 186000 miles a second? surmount: - At the end of the third quarter, the visitors were ahead by 18 points, a lead that our team was unable to surmount. vicinity: - Lost: Black cat answering to "Blackie" Vicinity of Main Street and First Avenue. Vocation: - Ruth is going to be a nurse..Bob plans to enter teaching. I, however, have not yet chosen a vocation. volition - Did your employer dismiss you,or did you leave of your own volition? imperil - The fishing vessel was imperiled by high winds, but it managed to reach port ge - If you study Franklin D.Roossevelt's lineage, you will find that he was descended from a Dutch ancestor who settled in American in 1638. presently - We won't have to wait long for our bus. It will be here presently opinionated - It is hard to reason with an opinionated person; He won't change his mind even when you give him objective evidence. adroit - The adroit passing enabled us to score four touchdowns. ambidextrous - Russ is an ambidextrous hitter; he can bat right-handed or left-handed. dexterity - You can't expect an apprentice to have the same dexterity as a master craftsman. alias - Inspector Javert discovered that Monsieur Madeleine was not the mayor's real name but an alias for Jean Valjean, an ex-convict. Jean Valjean, alias Monsieur Madeleine was arrested by Inspector Javert clandestine - Before that Revolutionary War, an underground organisation, known as the Sons of Liberty, used to hold clandestine meetings in Boston. latent - A good education will help you discover and develop your latent talents. lurk - General Braddock's troops, marching in column, were easy targets for the Indians lurking behind trees. seclude - To find a quiet place to study, Bruce had to seclude himself in the attic. stealthy - The burglar must have been very stealth if he was able to get past the two watchmen without being noticed. apprise - The magazine has apprised its readers of an increase in rates beginning January 1. avowal - The white flag of surrenders is an avowal of defeat. elicit - By questioning the witness, the attorney elicited that the fact that it was raining at the time of the accident. enlighten - The new student was going to in the wrong direction until someone enlightened him that his room was at the end of the hall. manifest - My art teacher told my parents that I have failed to manifest any interest in her subject. It is now manifest that, if I do no do my work, I will fall the - The teacher didn't believe that Ned was annoying me until she saw him in the overt act of pulling my hair. colossal - The game will be played in a colossal sports arena with a seating capacity of 600000 people commodious - Even during changes of classes, there is no crowding because the halls and stairways are commodious. gamut - After the test,I thought at first I had done very well, then quite well and finally poorly. I ran the gamut from confidence to despair. infinite - In our science lesson tomorrow, we will consider whether space is infinite and bounded infinitesimal - If there is any salt in this soup, it must be infinitesimal. I can't taste it. inordinate - Alex kept my book for such an ordinate length of time that I shall never lend him anything again. magnitude . - Shopping for clothes can be a small matter for some , but a problem of the greatest magnitude for others inflate - Since the football has lost air, we shall need a pump to inflate it. iota - If you make the same mistakes again, despite all my warnings, I will not have one iota of sympathy for you. picayune - The trouble with your studying is that you spend too much time on picayune details and not enough on the really important matters. pittance - At those low wages, few apply for the job. Who want to work for a pittance. puny - The building dwarfs the surrounding buildings. By comparison to it, they seem puny. superabundance - Our committee does not need any more help. We have a superabundance of helpers. debilitate - # invigorate The patient was debilitated by the fever that he lacked the strength to sit up decrepit - # sturdy He went past the redcoats on a horse that looked decrepit and about to idated - Up the road was an abandoned farmhouse, partially in ruins, and near it a barn, even more dilapidated. restore - Enervated by the heat, we rested under a shady tree until our strength was restored. flimsy - Judy understands algebra well, but I have only a flimsy grasp of the subject. frail - To be an astronaut, you must be in a robust health. It is not an occupation for a frail person. incapacitate - Ruth will be absent today. She is incapacitated by a sore throat. infirmity - On leaving the hospital, the patient felt almost too weak to walk, but he soon overcame this infirmity. bulwark - For centuries the British regarded their navy as their principal bulwark against invasion. Citadel - The fortified city of Singapore was once considered unconquerable. In 1942, however, this citadel fell to the Japanese. Cogent - Excuses for not handing work in on time vary. Some are flimsy, as, for example, " I left it at home". Others are more cogent, such as a physician's notes. Dynamic - If you elect Audrey, you may be sure she will present our views forcefully and energetically. She is a very dynamic speaker. formidable - Our hopes for an easy victory sank when our opponents took the field. They were much taller, huskier and looked formidable. forte - I am better than Jack in English and social studies but not in math; that is his forte. impregnable - Before World War II, the French regarded their Maginot Line as an impregnable bulwark against a German invasion. invigorate - If you are enervated by the heat, try a swim in the cool ocean. It will invigorate you. tenacious - After the dog got the ball, I tried to dislodge it from her tenacious jaws, but I couldn't. vehement - Your protest was too mild. If it had been more vehement, the dealer might have paid attention to itvigor - The robust young pitcher performed with his usual vigor for seven innings, but he weakened in the eighth and was removed from the game. withdraw . - Tom is my principal backer. If he withdraws his support, I don't see how I can be elected withdrawal - My uncle paid for his vacation trip by making a withdrawal from his bank account. withdrawn - We talked to the neighbor's youngster and tried to be friendly, but he didn't say anything; he seemed to be withdrawn. withhold - Please don't interrupt me. If you have something to say, withhold it until I have finished speaking. withholding tax. - Your employer is required to deduct a certain amount from your salary as a withholding tax payable to the federal government withstand - The walls of a dam must be strong enough to withstand tremendous water pressure. Notwithstanding - Notwithstanding their advantage of height, the visiting players were unable to beat our basketball team. abdicate - The aging king abdicated his throne and went into retirement. abduct - The Greeks attacked Troy to recover Helen, who had been abducted by the Trojan prince Paris. abhor - Janet is doing her best to pass English because she abhors the thought of having to repeat it in summer school. abrasion - The automobile is a total wreck but the driver luckily escaped with minor cuts and abrasion. abrupt - Today's art lesson came to an abrupt end when the gongs sounded for a fire drill. abscond - A wide research is underway for the manager who absconded with $100000 of his employer's funds. daybreak - the time of day when light first appears synonym dawn We left before daybreak. paralyze - paralyse somebody to make somebody unable to feel or move all or part of their body The accident left him paralysed from the waist ve - The fact that you were absent when the assignment was given does not absolve you from doing homework. Of the three suspects, two were found guilty and the third was absolved. absorbing - That was an absorbing book. It held my interest from the beginning to end. abstain - My dentist said I would have fewer cavities if I abstained from eating candy. averse - I am in favor of the dance, but I am averse to holding it on May 25. avert - The mayor promised to do everything in his power to avert a strike by newspaper employees. avocation - My uncle, an accountant, composes music as an avocation. perennial - Authors have come and gone, but Shakespeare has remained a perennial favorite. Perennials bloom year after year. perforate. - The physician said the tack had gone through Baby's shoe and sock without perforating her skin permeate - At breakfast, the aroma of freshly brewed coffee permeates the kitchen and dining room. perplex - I need help the fourth problem; it perplexes me. persist - #desist The teacher told Eric to stop whispering. When he persisted, she sent him to the dean. The rain was supposed to end in the morning, but it persisted through the afternoon and evening. Pertinent - # irrelevant Stick to the point; don't give the information that is not pertinent. perturb - Sandra's parents were perturbed when they learned she had failed two subjects. precede - Did you report follow or precede Jane's ? preclude - A prior engagement precludes my coming to your party. precocious - If Nany's three-year-old brother can read, he must be a precocious child. preconceived - My preconceived dislike for the book disappeared when I read a few bricated - The prefabricated house was quickly erected by putting together large sections previously constructed at a company. premature - Since just less than a half of the votes have been counted, my opponent's claims of victory are premature. premediated - The jury decided that the blow was struck at the time of panic and had been premeditated. presume - Nineteen of the sailors have been rescued. One is missing and presumed dead. preview - Last night, my parents attended a preview of a play scheduled to be open next Tuesday. animosity - Someday the animosities that led the war will be replaced by amity. animus - Although Howard defeated me in the election, I bear no animus towards him; we are good friends. equanimity - If you become extremely upset when you lose a game, it is a sign that you lack equanimity. magnanimous - The first time I was late, Miss O'Neil excused me with the warning that she would not be magnanimous the next time. unanimity - In almost every discussion there is bound to some disagreement. Don't expect unanimity. unanimous - Except for one student, who voted "no", the class was unanimous in holding the party. abound - Our nation abounds in opportunities for well-educated young men and women. Fish abound in the waters off Newfoundland. inundate - On Election Night, the victor's offices were inundated by congratulatory messages. append - If you hand in your report late, append the note explaining the reason for the delay. impending - After the first flash of lightning, people scurried for the shelter from the impending nt - The pendant dangling from the chain around her neck looked like a medal, but it was a watch pending - Has a decision been reached on a date for the game, or is it still pending? Barbara agreed to conduct the meeting pending the election of a permanent president. suspend - She wore a green pendant suspended from a silver chain. Train service will be suspended from midnight to 4am to permit repairs. suspense - If you have seen the marks, please tell me whether I passed or failed; don't keep me in suspense. assimilate - The letter n in the prefix in is often assimilated the following letter. For example, "in"plus "legible" becomes "illegible". A bright student assimilates knowledge rapidly.d dissimilar - The gloves are not a pair; they look quite dissimilar. simulate - Nacy was the star of the show; she simulated the bewildered mother effectively. desolate - After the war, the villagers hope to return their desolate homes. After 5:30am, the normally crowded intersection looks desolate. soliloquy - What the actor says in a soliloquy is heard by no one except the audience. solitary - A hermit leads to a solitary existence. solitude - Though I like company, there are times when I prefer solitude. absolute - A democratic ruler is restricted by a constitution and courts, but a dictator has absolute power. dissolution - When President Lincoln took office, the Union faced imminent dissolution. resolve - A witness provided the clue that resolved the mystery. soluble - Sugar is soluble in water Someone would have found the answer by now if the problem were soluble. solvent - In the salt water solution, the water is the solvent, and the salt is the solute. the examiners found the bank solvent, much to the relief of its depositors. Improvise - Did the entertainer prepare his jokes before the program, or improvise them as he went alongrevise - Before handing in your composition , be sure to revise it carefully. anachronism - It is an anachronism to say that William Shakespeare "typed" his manuscripts. chronicle - One of the earliest accounts of King Authur occurs in a 12th-century chronicle of the kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth chronology - Bruce named all the Presidents, but he made an error in chronology, synchronize - The clocks in the library need to be synchronized; one is a minute and a half behind the other. kleptomania - The billionaire who was caught shoplifting was found to be suffering from kleptomania. anticipate - to expect something anticipate something We don't anticipate any major problems. Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30 blur - a shape that you cannot see clearly, often because it is moving too fast His arm was a rapid blur of movement as he struck. Everything is a blur when I take my glasses off. detect - The tests are designed to detect the disease early. an instrument that can detect small amounts of radiation indiscernible - that cannot be seen, heard or understood The differences are almost indiscernible. manoeuver - a movement performed with care and skill a complicated/skilful manoeuvre You will be asked to perform some standard manoeuvres during your driving test. The racecar driver struggled to maneuver his car into first place on the last lap. peripheral - not as important as the main aim, part, etc. of something peripheral information matters of peripheral concern Do not spend too much time on the peripheral questions because they are only worth ten percent of the test grade. Despite the loss of a few peripheral functions, the airplane will still be able to land safely array - group or collection of things or people, often one that is large or impressive Frank was impressed by the wide array of appetizers at Joe's wedding, although he did not partake of any of them because of his strial - living on the land or on the ground, rather than in water, in trees or in the air Because of the cool climate, many terrestrial insects live in the soil. diurnal - # nocturnal during the day Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal. stray - to move away from the place where you should be, without intending to He strayed into the path of an oncoming car. dilute - to make something weaker or less effective Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive. freight - goods, but not passengers, that are carried from one place to another, by ship, aircraft, train, or truck, or the system of transporting these goods: The ship carries both freight and passengers. juvenile deliquency - the problem of young people who are not yet adults committing crime stringent - stringent air quality regulations very strict and that must be obeyed Licences are only granted under the most stringent conditions rugged - (of land) wild and not even; not easy to travel over: rugged landscape/terrain/hills/cliffs flair - flair for something a natural ability to do something well He has a flair for languages. sabotage - sabotage something to prevent something from being successful or being achieved, especially deliberately Protesters failed to sabotage the peace talks. The rise in interest rates sabotaged any chance of the firm's recovery. grandeur - Because I wanted to spend the night in a room of grandeur, I paid several thousand dollars to stay in the hotel's presidential suite. discruptive - causing problems, noise, etc. so that something cannot continue normally She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class. intrinsic - being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing: The strength of a person's intrinsic drive is what determines whether or not that individual will have success in life plod - to work slowly and continuously, but without imagination, enthusiasm, or interest:For years, he's plodded away at the same dull routine job. Alex is just plodding along at school, making very little progress I'll try not to bore you with lots of plodding details. fringe - the outer edge of an area or a group on the northern fringe of the city fringe something to form a border around something The beach was fringed by coconut palms. Her eyes were grey, fringed by long dark lashes stressor - something that causes stress (= great worry or emotional difficulty): Constant noise can be a stressor. resilient - able to feel better quickly after something unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc. He'll get over it—young people are amazingly resilient. These plants are very resilient to rough handling. swing - a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which something changes He is liable to abrupt mood swings (= for example from being very happy to being very sad). prolific - producing a lof of things producing many works, etc. a prolific author a prolific goalscorer prolific rivers vouch - vouch for something (formal) to say that you believe that something is true or good because you have evidence for it synonym confirm I was in bed with the flu. My wife can vouch for that. alternate - when one thing comes after another; fluctuate Instead of choosing one pain reliever, Judy decided to alternate between Aspirin and Tylenol. Carcass - the body of a dead animal, especially a large one that is soon to be cut up as meat or eaten by wild animals: Vultures flew around in the sky waiting to pick at the rotting carcass of the deer endeavor - an attempt to do something, especially something new or difficult Please make every endeavour to arrive on time He endeavoured in vain to escape the situation.The buyer should always endeavour to negotiate terms.. hone - to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose The tennis player practices several hours a day to hone her skills. Because Jessica wants to hone her cake baking ability, she can usually be found in the kitchen. The apprentice will hone his mechanical expertise under a mentor and then open his own garage. niche - a job or position that is very suitable for someone, especially one that they like: He has carved/made a niche for himself as a financial advisor. Catastrophic - =devastating =disastrous causing a lot of problems for peopleSYNONYM disastrousa catastrophic failure/collapse/defeat Disparate - different in every way: The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. Inexplicable - unable to be explained or understood: For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project. Inquiry - I've been making inquiries about/into the cost of a round-the-world ticket. Inquiry into the matter is pointless - no one will tell you anything Insulation - the act of covering something to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering, or the fact that something is covered in this way: The animal's thick fur provides very good insulation against the arctic cold. Glass fibre is often used as roof insulation. Perseverance - continued effort and determination: Through hard work and perseverance, he worked his way up to the top. Rally - Supporters/Opponents of the new shopping development are trying to rally localpeople in favour of/against it. The president has called on the people to rally to/behind the government. eccentric - a person who is considered by other people to be strange or unusual Most people considered him a harmless eccentric. susceptible - easily influenced or harmed by something: She isn't very susceptible to flattery. undergo - to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change After the accident, he underwent reconstructive surgery to rebuild his faceunfold - If a situation or story unfolds, it develops or becomes clear to other people: Like a lot of people, I've watched the events of the last few days unfold on TV. unveil - unveil something to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time synonym reveal They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. cognition - the use of conscious mental processes: Young children develop their skills of cognition from their childhood experiences and social interactions counteract - to do something to reduce or prevent the bad or harmful effects of something She liked to keep busy all the time to counteract the feelings of uselessness that overcame her whenever she had nothing to do. dementia - a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally impair - to damage something or make something worse His age impaired his chances of finding a new job. Emotions can sometimes impair your ability to reason properly. rodent - any small animal that belongs to a group of animals with strong sharp front teeth. Mice, rats and squirrels are all rodents. monetary - relating to the money in a country: monetary policy monetary control The monetary unit of the UK is the pound The court prescribes monetary penalties for traffic infractions that occur within its jurisdiction supple - able to change quickly and successfully to suit different conditions: She has shown that she has a supple mind. Regular yoga will help you to keep a supple form. assess - to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something: The insurers will need to assess the flood damage. constructive - having a useful and helpful effect rather than being negative or with no purpose constructive criticism/suggestions/advice His work involved helping hyperactive children to use their energy in a constructive h - to improve the quality of something, often by adding something to it enrich something The study of science has enriched all our lives. enrich something with something Most breakfast cereals are enriched with vitamins inquisitive - inquisitiveness wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people: an inquisitive child an inquisitive mind She could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows next door. sanctimonious - giving the impression that you feel you are better and more moral than other people synonym self-righteous a sanctimonious voice I wish she'd stop being so sanctimonious. I'm fed up with his sanctimonious attitude ascertain - to find out the true or correct information about something ascertain something It can be difficult to ascertain the facts. ascertain that... I ascertained that the driver was not badly hurt. deem - deem something + noun/adj. | deem something to be something | deem (that)... (formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about something synonym consider The evening was deemed a great success. I deem it an honour to be invited. marvel - a wonderful thing The building is an architectural marvel. The design is a marvel of elegance and simplicity. pertain - pertain to somebody | pertain to something (formal) to be connected with something/somebody the laws pertaining to adoption to exist or to apply in a particular situation or at a particular time Living conditions are vastly different from those pertaining in their country of origin. Those laws no longer pertain. upside - the advantage of a situation: It's annoying that we can't travel until Thursday, but the upside is that tickets are cheaper thenpreserve - preserve something to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept He was anxious to preserve his reputation. Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. dump - dump something to get rid of something you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable Too much toxic waste is being dumped at sea. afloat - floating on water Somehow we kept the boat afloat. He could not swim and only a life jacket kept him afloat. forceful - expressing opinions firmly and clearly in a way that persuades other people to believe them synonym assertive a forceful woman/speaker a forceful personality rampant - spreading out of control The epidemic spread with a rampancy that was frightening The rampant spread of epidemic make it difficult to control the disease spread rampantly throughout the region standpoint - He is writing from the standpoint of someone who knows what life is like in prison bulk - in bulk C1 in large amounts: The office buys paper in bulk to keep down costs. the bulk of sth C1 most of something: In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works. cripple - to cause serious damage to someone or something, making him, her, or it weak and not effective: a global nursing shortage threatens to cripple health care systems lure - lure somebody (+ adv./prep.) (disapproving) to persuade or trick somebody to go somewhere or to do something by promising them a reward synonym entice The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and entary - dealing with only the most basic matters or ideas synonym basic They were given only rudimentary training in the job. His understanding of the language is very rudimentary dwindle - to become gradually less or smaller dwindling audiences a dwindling band of supporters surplus - an amount that is extra or more than you need food surpluses Wheat was in surplus that year. curb - curb something to control or limit something, especially something bad synonym check He needs to learn to curb his temper. A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. ramp - a slope that joins two parts of a road, path, building, etc. when one is higher than the other Ramps should be provided for wheelchair users unwieldy - difficult to manage The first mechanical clocks were large and rather unwieldy. The old car felt cumbersome and unwieldy. circumspect - thinking very carefully about something before doing it, because there may be risks involved synonym cautious He was very circumspect in his financial affairs circumscribe - circumscribe something (formal) to limit somebody/something's freedom, rights, power, etc. synonym restrict The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law. They are still highly circumscribed in their authority impassible - (of a road, an area, etc.) impossible to travel on or through, especially because it is in bad condition or it has been blocked by something The mountain roads are totally impassable to cars in winter. After the storm, many roads were made impassable by fallen trees. prodigious - very large or powerful and causing surprise or admiration synonym colossal, enormous a prodigious achievement/memory/talent DVDs can store prodigious amounts of ct - to make somebody/something suffer something unpleasant inflict something They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm. The rodent's sharp teeth can inflict a nasty bite ubiquitous - seeming to be everywhere: Leather is very much in fashion this season, as is the ubiquitous denim. The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the ubiquitous spread of English. The mobile phone, that most ubiquitous of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age. philosophical - If you are philosophical in your reaction to something that is not satisfactory, you accept it calmly and without anger, understanding that failure and disappointment are a part of life. gimmick - an unusual tr