WGU D265 - WGU - Critical Thinking - Reason and
Evidence Already Graded A+
Proposition
Statement that can be true or false
Non-Propositions
Not statements about matters of fact. THey do not make a claim that can be true or
false.
Simple Proposition
No internal logical structure. They are true or false on their own.
Complex Propositions
Have internal logistical structure. THey are composed of simple propositions.
Premise
Claims, evidence, ideas intended to support the conclusion.
Conclusion
The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or demonstrate or prove.
Premise indicators
Because, for, given that, In that, as, since, as indicated by
Conclusion indicators
Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies
that, wherefore, as a result of
Deduction
Argument where the premise guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
Induction
Arguments where the premise make the conclusion probable.
Abduction
Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.
Soundness
A deductive argument is sound if it has a valid structure and all its premises are true. (If
an argument is deductive but has either an invalid structure or at least one false
premise, then it is an unsound argument.)
Validity
In a valid deductive argument the truth of the premises would make the conclusion
necessarily true.
Strength
In a strong inductive argument, the truth of the premises would make the conclusion
probably true.
Cogency
an inductive argument is cogent if the argument is strong and all the premises are true.
Formal Fallacy
an argument that has an error in reasoning that involves the explicit use of an invalid
form
Informal Fallacy
An error in the content of an argument
Antecedent
Evidence Already Graded A+
Proposition
Statement that can be true or false
Non-Propositions
Not statements about matters of fact. THey do not make a claim that can be true or
false.
Simple Proposition
No internal logical structure. They are true or false on their own.
Complex Propositions
Have internal logistical structure. THey are composed of simple propositions.
Premise
Claims, evidence, ideas intended to support the conclusion.
Conclusion
The claim that the whole argument is intended to support or demonstrate or prove.
Premise indicators
Because, for, given that, In that, as, since, as indicated by
Conclusion indicators
Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies
that, wherefore, as a result of
Deduction
Argument where the premise guarantee or necessitate the conclusion
Induction
Arguments where the premise make the conclusion probable.
Abduction
Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.
Soundness
A deductive argument is sound if it has a valid structure and all its premises are true. (If
an argument is deductive but has either an invalid structure or at least one false
premise, then it is an unsound argument.)
Validity
In a valid deductive argument the truth of the premises would make the conclusion
necessarily true.
Strength
In a strong inductive argument, the truth of the premises would make the conclusion
probably true.
Cogency
an inductive argument is cogent if the argument is strong and all the premises are true.
Formal Fallacy
an argument that has an error in reasoning that involves the explicit use of an invalid
form
Informal Fallacy
An error in the content of an argument
Antecedent
