lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
VASCULAR DISORDER ADVANCED STUDY GUIDE METABOLISM FOR FINALS
ARTERIAL DISORDER
Pathophysiology: Arterial disorders occur from different diseases such as peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud’s, and
Buerger’s. The arteries carry oxygenated blood throughout the body. In arterial disorders, there is a problem carrying blood
either because of the narrowing of the arteries, inflammation of the arteries, kinks in the arteries, or spasms in the arteries.
Overview
Disorders of arteries – vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the body.
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
2. Raynaud’s Disease
3. Buerger’s Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Nursing Points
General
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Chronic occlusion → ↓ O2 supply to lower extremities
b. Commonly caused by atherosclerosis
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Arterioles in hands vasospasm
b. Common triggers = cod and stress
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Inflammation to small arteries in arms and legs
b. Microthrombi lead to vasospasm
Assessment
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Also known as Occlusive Peripheral Artery (or Arterial) Disease
b. Intermittent claudication
i. Pain with activity
ii. Relieved by rest
c. Pain at rest – awaken from sleep
d. Hair loss lower extremities
e. Cool, pale, numb extremities
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Triphasic color change
i. Cyanosis (blue
ii. Pallor (white)
b. Numbness, tingling, swelling
, lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Pain at rest, worst at night
b. Intermittent claudication
c. ↓ Pulses
d. Ulcerations in extremities
Therapeutic Management
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Smoking cessation
b. Monitor pulses (doppler)
c. Angioplasty
d. Endarterectomy
e. Bypass grafting
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Smoking Cessation
b. Identify/avoid precipitating factors
c. Wear warm clothing
d. Vasodilators
e. Analgesics
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Smoking Cessation
b. Calcium channel blockers (CCB’s)
c. Analgesics
d. Bypass grafting
e. Sympathectomy – dissect nerve fibers
Nursing Concepts
1. Perfusion
a. Monitor pulses
b. Assess peripheral perfusion
c. Administer vasodilators or CCB’s
2. Comfort
, lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
a. Administer analgesics
b. Positioning for comfort & perfusion
c. Keep warm
3. Tissue/Skin Integrity
a. Assess for skin breakdown
b. Provide wound care to ulcerations
Patient Education
1. Smoking Cessation
2. Exercise to claudication, then rest
3. Avoid cold and crossing legs
4. Avoid precipitating factors
5. Wear warm clothing
6. Symptoms to report
a. Worsening claudication
b. Black color on fingers or toes
Pathophysiology
Disorders of the arteries, which are the vessels that are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the body. This includes
Peripheral Arterial Disease, which is chronic occlusion of the arteries in the lower extremities leading to decreased oxygen
supply. Another form is Raynaud’s disease, which occurs when small arterioles in the hands vasospasm and prevent blood flow.
The third is Buerger’s disease which is an inflammatory disease of the medium to small arteries and veins of the arms and legs.
In this condition, microthrombi form which can lead to vasospasm and occlusions.
Etiology
The most common cause of peripheral arterial disease is atherosclerosis. Raynaud’s can be secondary to atherosclerosis, lupus,
or rheumatoid arthritis and can be triggered by cold or stress. The cause Buerger’s disease isn’t exactly known, but there is a link
to genetics as well as tobacco use
Desired Outcome
To allow for proper blood flow to the extremities and prevent long-term complications like necrosis or the loss of fingers, toes,
etc.
Subjective Data Outcome
• Intermittent Claudication
• Pain at rest – awaken from sleep
• Numbness and tingling in extremities
Objective Data
• Hair loss on lower extremities
• Cool, pale skin on extremities
lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
VASCULAR DISORDER ADVANCED STUDY GUIDE METABOLISM FOR FINALS
ARTERIAL DISORDER
Pathophysiology: Arterial disorders occur from different diseases such as peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud’s, and
Buerger’s. The arteries carry oxygenated blood throughout the body. In arterial disorders, there is a problem carrying blood
either because of the narrowing of the arteries, inflammation of the arteries, kinks in the arteries, or spasms in the arteries.
Overview
Disorders of arteries – vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the body.
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
2. Raynaud’s Disease
3. Buerger’s Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Nursing Points
General
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Chronic occlusion → ↓ O2 supply to lower extremities
b. Commonly caused by atherosclerosis
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Arterioles in hands vasospasm
b. Common triggers = cod and stress
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Inflammation to small arteries in arms and legs
b. Microthrombi lead to vasospasm
Assessment
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Also known as Occlusive Peripheral Artery (or Arterial) Disease
b. Intermittent claudication
i. Pain with activity
ii. Relieved by rest
c. Pain at rest – awaken from sleep
d. Hair loss lower extremities
e. Cool, pale, numb extremities
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Triphasic color change
i. Cyanosis (blue
ii. Pallor (white)
b. Numbness, tingling, swelling
, lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Pain at rest, worst at night
b. Intermittent claudication
c. ↓ Pulses
d. Ulcerations in extremities
Therapeutic Management
1. Peripheral Arterial Disease
a. Smoking cessation
b. Monitor pulses (doppler)
c. Angioplasty
d. Endarterectomy
e. Bypass grafting
2. Raynaud’s Disease
a. Smoking Cessation
b. Identify/avoid precipitating factors
c. Wear warm clothing
d. Vasodilators
e. Analgesics
3. Buerger’s Disease
a. Smoking Cessation
b. Calcium channel blockers (CCB’s)
c. Analgesics
d. Bypass grafting
e. Sympathectomy – dissect nerve fibers
Nursing Concepts
1. Perfusion
a. Monitor pulses
b. Assess peripheral perfusion
c. Administer vasodilators or CCB’s
2. Comfort
, lOMoAR cPSD| 36357603
a. Administer analgesics
b. Positioning for comfort & perfusion
c. Keep warm
3. Tissue/Skin Integrity
a. Assess for skin breakdown
b. Provide wound care to ulcerations
Patient Education
1. Smoking Cessation
2. Exercise to claudication, then rest
3. Avoid cold and crossing legs
4. Avoid precipitating factors
5. Wear warm clothing
6. Symptoms to report
a. Worsening claudication
b. Black color on fingers or toes
Pathophysiology
Disorders of the arteries, which are the vessels that are responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the body. This includes
Peripheral Arterial Disease, which is chronic occlusion of the arteries in the lower extremities leading to decreased oxygen
supply. Another form is Raynaud’s disease, which occurs when small arterioles in the hands vasospasm and prevent blood flow.
The third is Buerger’s disease which is an inflammatory disease of the medium to small arteries and veins of the arms and legs.
In this condition, microthrombi form which can lead to vasospasm and occlusions.
Etiology
The most common cause of peripheral arterial disease is atherosclerosis. Raynaud’s can be secondary to atherosclerosis, lupus,
or rheumatoid arthritis and can be triggered by cold or stress. The cause Buerger’s disease isn’t exactly known, but there is a link
to genetics as well as tobacco use
Desired Outcome
To allow for proper blood flow to the extremities and prevent long-term complications like necrosis or the loss of fingers, toes,
etc.
Subjective Data Outcome
• Intermittent Claudication
• Pain at rest – awaken from sleep
• Numbness and tingling in extremities
Objective Data
• Hair loss on lower extremities
• Cool, pale skin on extremities
