5 A glomerulus is
A the expanded end of a nephron
B a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
,
, 7 The process of filtration is driven by
A active transport
B blood osmotic pressure
C blood hydrostatic pressure
D renal pumping
8 The mechanisms for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the renal medulla require
A active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the vasa recta
C the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water
D the vasa recta to be impermeable to water
E both A and B
9 Which of the following is greater?
A the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the loop of Henle
B the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the descending limb of the loop
of Henle
10 The antidiuretic hormone
A increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water
B is secreted in response to low concentrations of potassium ions in the extracellular fluid.
C causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of relatively solute-free urine
D helps regulate the concentration of potasium ion in the interstitial space
E is sensitive to changes in the blood concentrations of both sodium and potassium
11 In the loop of Henle
A water is secreted into the descending limb
B sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb
C the ascending limb is very permeable to water
D the filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic
E filtrate is produced
12 Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism most?
A the expanded end of a nephron
B a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
,
, 7 The process of filtration is driven by
A active transport
B blood osmotic pressure
C blood hydrostatic pressure
D renal pumping
8 The mechanisms for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the renal medulla require
A active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
B active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the vasa recta
C the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water
D the vasa recta to be impermeable to water
E both A and B
9 Which of the following is greater?
A the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the loop of Henle
B the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the descending limb of the loop
of Henle
10 The antidiuretic hormone
A increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water
B is secreted in response to low concentrations of potassium ions in the extracellular fluid.
C causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of relatively solute-free urine
D helps regulate the concentration of potasium ion in the interstitial space
E is sensitive to changes in the blood concentrations of both sodium and potassium
11 In the loop of Henle
A water is secreted into the descending limb
B sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb
C the ascending limb is very permeable to water
D the filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic
E filtrate is produced
12 Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism most?
