AP3 Transplant surgery and organ procurement
Exam 2 review, 178 Questions and Correct Answers,
With Complete Solution 2024.
Can you name the 8 transplant capabilities of the body?
Kidney
Liver
Pancreas
Heart
Lungs
Intestinal
Cornea
Stem Cells
Can you name the three types of organ donation?
Donation after brain death (DBD)
Donation after circulatory death (DCD)
Living donor transplants
Which type of organ donation is the most common?
Donation after brain death (DBD)
Which type of organ donation is gaining popularity but ethical concerns remain?
Donation after circulatory death (DCD)
Living donor transplants can come from?
Friends, family member or even strangers
What are the six variables for donation after circulatory death?
Spontaneous respiration after 10 min
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Vasopressors
Patient age (years)
Intubation
Oxygenation after 10 min
What are the five considerations for organ donation considerations?
Blood and tissue matching
Organ size
Medical urgency
,Wait time
Geographic location
For organ donation what needs to match to be considered for donation?
Blood and tissue matching
For organ donation you need to consider what size?
Organ size
For organ donation, you need to consider what kind of urgency?
Medical urgency
For organ donation, what kind of time must you consider?
Wait time
For organ donation, should you take geographic location into consideration?
Yes
What is the most common solid organ transplant?
Renal transplant
How does renal transplant help patients?
Improved quality of life and increase survival Vs. dialysis
What are contributing factors for renal transplant?
•Glomerulonephritis
•Chronic interstitial nephritis
•Congenital or hereditary disorders (e.g. cystic disease)
•Diabetes & hypertension = most common indications in U.S.
What are the most common INDICATIONS for renal transplant in the U.S.?
Diabetes and hypertension
Define end stage renal disease (ESRD)
Irreversible decline in kidney function
Irreversible decline in kidney function is called?
End stage renal disease
End stage renal disease is measured by?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
A GFR less that what would make the patient need dialysis?
<15%
Dialysis helps maintain?
Fluid volumes
pH levels
Erythropoietin production
Dialysis helps eliminate?
Nitrogenous waste products
Describe Stage 1 Chronic kidney disease
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
Stage 1 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
Less than or equal to 90 mL/min/1.73m2
Describe Stage 2 Chronic kidney disease
, Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
Stage 2 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
Describe Stage 3 Chronic kidney disease
Moderate decrease in GFR
Stage 3 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
30-59
Describe Stage 4 Chronic kidney disease
Severe decrease in GFR
Stage 4 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
15-29
Describe Stage 5 Chronic kidney disease
Kidney failure
Stage 5 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
< 15 or dialysis
What common comorbidities should you take into consideration for renal
transplant?
•Cardiovascular disease
•Hyperlipidemia
•Peripheral vascular disease
•Hyperphosphatemia
•Hyperkalemia
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should assess?
Assess exercise tolerance
With renal transplant what preoperative considerations you obtain?
Labs: CMP, CBC, Coags, Type and Cross
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should optimize are what?
Optimize fluid/electrolyte abnormalities
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should get a baseline
what?
Baseline ECG & consider echocardiogram
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should consider what kind
of tests?
Coronary angiography or stress echocardiography
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should consider the timing
of?
Dialysis
Name the 4 features of renal transplant recipients
Cardiovascular alterations
Airway and lung considerations
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
Blood and coagulation disturbances
What are some cardiovascular alterations of renal transplant recipients?
Exam 2 review, 178 Questions and Correct Answers,
With Complete Solution 2024.
Can you name the 8 transplant capabilities of the body?
Kidney
Liver
Pancreas
Heart
Lungs
Intestinal
Cornea
Stem Cells
Can you name the three types of organ donation?
Donation after brain death (DBD)
Donation after circulatory death (DCD)
Living donor transplants
Which type of organ donation is the most common?
Donation after brain death (DBD)
Which type of organ donation is gaining popularity but ethical concerns remain?
Donation after circulatory death (DCD)
Living donor transplants can come from?
Friends, family member or even strangers
What are the six variables for donation after circulatory death?
Spontaneous respiration after 10 min
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Vasopressors
Patient age (years)
Intubation
Oxygenation after 10 min
What are the five considerations for organ donation considerations?
Blood and tissue matching
Organ size
Medical urgency
,Wait time
Geographic location
For organ donation what needs to match to be considered for donation?
Blood and tissue matching
For organ donation you need to consider what size?
Organ size
For organ donation, you need to consider what kind of urgency?
Medical urgency
For organ donation, what kind of time must you consider?
Wait time
For organ donation, should you take geographic location into consideration?
Yes
What is the most common solid organ transplant?
Renal transplant
How does renal transplant help patients?
Improved quality of life and increase survival Vs. dialysis
What are contributing factors for renal transplant?
•Glomerulonephritis
•Chronic interstitial nephritis
•Congenital or hereditary disorders (e.g. cystic disease)
•Diabetes & hypertension = most common indications in U.S.
What are the most common INDICATIONS for renal transplant in the U.S.?
Diabetes and hypertension
Define end stage renal disease (ESRD)
Irreversible decline in kidney function
Irreversible decline in kidney function is called?
End stage renal disease
End stage renal disease is measured by?
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
A GFR less that what would make the patient need dialysis?
<15%
Dialysis helps maintain?
Fluid volumes
pH levels
Erythropoietin production
Dialysis helps eliminate?
Nitrogenous waste products
Describe Stage 1 Chronic kidney disease
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
Stage 1 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
Less than or equal to 90 mL/min/1.73m2
Describe Stage 2 Chronic kidney disease
, Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
Stage 2 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2
Describe Stage 3 Chronic kidney disease
Moderate decrease in GFR
Stage 3 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
30-59
Describe Stage 4 Chronic kidney disease
Severe decrease in GFR
Stage 4 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
15-29
Describe Stage 5 Chronic kidney disease
Kidney failure
Stage 5 Chronic Kidney disease typically has a GFR of?
< 15 or dialysis
What common comorbidities should you take into consideration for renal
transplant?
•Cardiovascular disease
•Hyperlipidemia
•Peripheral vascular disease
•Hyperphosphatemia
•Hyperkalemia
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should assess?
Assess exercise tolerance
With renal transplant what preoperative considerations you obtain?
Labs: CMP, CBC, Coags, Type and Cross
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should optimize are what?
Optimize fluid/electrolyte abnormalities
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should get a baseline
what?
Baseline ECG & consider echocardiogram
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should consider what kind
of tests?
Coronary angiography or stress echocardiography
With renal transplant preoperative considerations you should consider the timing
of?
Dialysis
Name the 4 features of renal transplant recipients
Cardiovascular alterations
Airway and lung considerations
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances
Blood and coagulation disturbances
What are some cardiovascular alterations of renal transplant recipients?
