Patient Care Exam 1 Solved 100% Correct!!
Ergonomics
Study of human body in relation to the working environment
Common healthcare worker injuries
Musculoskeltal disorders: repetitive motion injuries, repetitive strain injuries, cumulative
trauma disorders
Radiology injuries
Back strain from moving patients, neck and shoulder strains and rotator cuff tears from
reaching, spinal stress and RSIs from sitting and performing computerized modalities,
RMIs and RSIs due to required movements, equipment design and poor posture.
Three concepts of body mechanics
Base of support, center of gravity, line of gravity
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
Good body mechanics
Apply combined strength of legs, arms, and abdomen to protect the back. Adjust height
of work surface, use a cart to move heavy a heavy load or get help, and push rather
than pull heavy objects.
Considerations for patient transfer
ALL in patients must be moved from one department to another by wheeled transport.
(wheelchair, stretcher, bed, crib)
Preparation for patient transfer
1. Examination requisitions state mode of transportation for patient
2. Obtain equipment, check safety and function
3. Check in at nurse's station
4. Establish correct identity of patient
5. Plan what to do, check area for attached equipment, enlist patients help/obtain
additional help as needed
Orthostatic hypotension
Decrease in oxygen supply the brain caused by changes in the body position; may
cause patient to feel light-headed or to faint.
Common reasons for fall
When patient backs into wheelchair to sit. Chair may roll away if not locked, may miss
edge of chair, may tip chair by being too close to the edge.
Special considerations for wheelchair transfer
Stroke patients, fractures of lower extremities, knee replacement, hip replacement.
Support weak side and patient will lead with strong side.
Draw sheet transfer
Single sheet folded in half placed under patient over middle third of the bed.
Slider board transfer
Strong sheet of smooth plastic large enough to support the patients body with
handholds cut into the edges
Signs of neurological/circulatory damage
Pain, coldness, numbness, burning or tingling of fingers or toes, swelling, skin color
changes, inability to move fingers or toes, decrease in or absence of pulses.
, Bedpan
Gloves and tissues ready, patient raises hips, keep patient covered, damp and dry
towel, check chart before disposing urine.
Fire prevention
Keeping all three elements that cause a fire to burn away from eachother (flammable
substance, oxygen, heat)
Extinguishing fire
Remove at least one of the key elements. ie adding water, smothering, wrapping
blanket around person whose clothes are on fire
Causes of fire
Spontaneous combustion, open flames, cigarette smokers, electricity*
Spontaneous combustion
Caused by chemical reaction in or near a flammable material. Uncommon in hospital
Smoking
Most hospitals prohibit this, so not a common hazard in hospitals
Electrical
A concern in many departments of a hospital because of the electrical devices used; if
fire starts, turn off electricity at main breaker, call for qualified assistance, and stand by
with proper fire extinguisher
Oxygen and fire hazard
Oxygen supports combustion, extreme caution when using equipment with oxygen
around, be familiar with on and off switches
Paging code for fire
Dr. red
RACE
Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
R in RACE
Rescue- coordinate with nursing staff and remove patients from danger
A in RACE
Alarm- activate alarm system
C in RACE
Contain- close any open doors to limit O2 supply, close other doors
E in RACE
Extinguish/evacuate- from small fires, use fire extinguisher, for larger fires evacuate the
area
Class A fire extinguisher
Solid combustibles (wood or paper)
Class B fire extinguisher
Flammable liquids and gases
Class C fire extinguisher
Electrical equipment or wiring
PASS
Pull pin
Aim the nozzle
Squeeze the handle
Sweep from side to side
Ergonomics
Study of human body in relation to the working environment
Common healthcare worker injuries
Musculoskeltal disorders: repetitive motion injuries, repetitive strain injuries, cumulative
trauma disorders
Radiology injuries
Back strain from moving patients, neck and shoulder strains and rotator cuff tears from
reaching, spinal stress and RSIs from sitting and performing computerized modalities,
RMIs and RSIs due to required movements, equipment design and poor posture.
Three concepts of body mechanics
Base of support, center of gravity, line of gravity
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
Good body mechanics
Apply combined strength of legs, arms, and abdomen to protect the back. Adjust height
of work surface, use a cart to move heavy a heavy load or get help, and push rather
than pull heavy objects.
Considerations for patient transfer
ALL in patients must be moved from one department to another by wheeled transport.
(wheelchair, stretcher, bed, crib)
Preparation for patient transfer
1. Examination requisitions state mode of transportation for patient
2. Obtain equipment, check safety and function
3. Check in at nurse's station
4. Establish correct identity of patient
5. Plan what to do, check area for attached equipment, enlist patients help/obtain
additional help as needed
Orthostatic hypotension
Decrease in oxygen supply the brain caused by changes in the body position; may
cause patient to feel light-headed or to faint.
Common reasons for fall
When patient backs into wheelchair to sit. Chair may roll away if not locked, may miss
edge of chair, may tip chair by being too close to the edge.
Special considerations for wheelchair transfer
Stroke patients, fractures of lower extremities, knee replacement, hip replacement.
Support weak side and patient will lead with strong side.
Draw sheet transfer
Single sheet folded in half placed under patient over middle third of the bed.
Slider board transfer
Strong sheet of smooth plastic large enough to support the patients body with
handholds cut into the edges
Signs of neurological/circulatory damage
Pain, coldness, numbness, burning or tingling of fingers or toes, swelling, skin color
changes, inability to move fingers or toes, decrease in or absence of pulses.
, Bedpan
Gloves and tissues ready, patient raises hips, keep patient covered, damp and dry
towel, check chart before disposing urine.
Fire prevention
Keeping all three elements that cause a fire to burn away from eachother (flammable
substance, oxygen, heat)
Extinguishing fire
Remove at least one of the key elements. ie adding water, smothering, wrapping
blanket around person whose clothes are on fire
Causes of fire
Spontaneous combustion, open flames, cigarette smokers, electricity*
Spontaneous combustion
Caused by chemical reaction in or near a flammable material. Uncommon in hospital
Smoking
Most hospitals prohibit this, so not a common hazard in hospitals
Electrical
A concern in many departments of a hospital because of the electrical devices used; if
fire starts, turn off electricity at main breaker, call for qualified assistance, and stand by
with proper fire extinguisher
Oxygen and fire hazard
Oxygen supports combustion, extreme caution when using equipment with oxygen
around, be familiar with on and off switches
Paging code for fire
Dr. red
RACE
Rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
R in RACE
Rescue- coordinate with nursing staff and remove patients from danger
A in RACE
Alarm- activate alarm system
C in RACE
Contain- close any open doors to limit O2 supply, close other doors
E in RACE
Extinguish/evacuate- from small fires, use fire extinguisher, for larger fires evacuate the
area
Class A fire extinguisher
Solid combustibles (wood or paper)
Class B fire extinguisher
Flammable liquids and gases
Class C fire extinguisher
Electrical equipment or wiring
PASS
Pull pin
Aim the nozzle
Squeeze the handle
Sweep from side to side
