UNE CHEM 1005: MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL
EXAM
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase
- transfers acyl groups from CoA to carnitine & vice versa
- inhibited by malonyl-CoA
ketone bodies
- acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
- oxidized as fuel source in extreme fasting
d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
interconversion of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetone
yielded by spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate; waste product
acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate
- ketone bodies produced during fasting
- used for energy in various tissues
hyperglycemia and ketogenesis
- occurs in fasted state
- loss of insulin (type 1 diabetes)
Ketogenesis
the process by which excess acteyl-CoA is converted into ketone bodies
products of B-oxidation of fatty acids
- NADH
- FADH2
- acteyl-CoA
regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis
production of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase
acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by
- Palmitoyl-CoA
- fatty acyl-CoA under fasted conditions
cofactor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Biotin
regulated step of lipogenesis
carboxylation of acetyl-CoA
NADPH
- essential for fatty acid synthesis
- produced in conversion of malate to pyruvate
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
dephosphorylated to become active
Chylomicrons
- elevated after a fatty meal
- transports dietary cholesterol
triacylglycerol
primary lipid component of VLDL
mature form of VLDL
EXAM
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase
- transfers acyl groups from CoA to carnitine & vice versa
- inhibited by malonyl-CoA
ketone bodies
- acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
- oxidized as fuel source in extreme fasting
d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
interconversion of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate
acetone
yielded by spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate; waste product
acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate
- ketone bodies produced during fasting
- used for energy in various tissues
hyperglycemia and ketogenesis
- occurs in fasted state
- loss of insulin (type 1 diabetes)
Ketogenesis
the process by which excess acteyl-CoA is converted into ketone bodies
products of B-oxidation of fatty acids
- NADH
- FADH2
- acteyl-CoA
regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis
production of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase
acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by
- Palmitoyl-CoA
- fatty acyl-CoA under fasted conditions
cofactor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Biotin
regulated step of lipogenesis
carboxylation of acetyl-CoA
NADPH
- essential for fatty acid synthesis
- produced in conversion of malate to pyruvate
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
dephosphorylated to become active
Chylomicrons
- elevated after a fatty meal
- transports dietary cholesterol
triacylglycerol
primary lipid component of VLDL
mature form of VLDL
