(Summary) MDC II - Final Exam - Rasmussen, With
Complete Solution 2024/2025.
PT PAP HOT
▪ Pituitary
▪ Thyroid
▪ Pancreas
▪ Adrenals
▪ Parathyroid
▪ Hypothalamus
▪ Ovaries
▪ Testes
What are the glands of the endocrine system? (SATA Q?)
Grave's disease
an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized
by goiter and/or exophthalmos
Treatments
▪ Rx: methimazole, atenolol, and iodine-131
▪ radiation therapy
Nursing Interventions
▪ provide a calm environment
▪ keep patients room cool
▪ assess pain
▪ prepare patient for surgery
▪ post-operative care
▪ maintain a patent airway
-------- same as hypothyroidism ---------
▪ provide periods of rest
▪ continuous cardiac monitoring
▪ monitor vital signs
▪ daily weight
▪ monitor I&O
▪ monitor laboratory tests
▪ apply antiembolism stockings to prevent DVT
▪ provide skin care
HYPERthyroidism aka Grave's disease
▪ Treatments
pituitary gland
,_________ is considered to be the "master gland" as it secretes hormones that control
other parts of the endocrine system.
▪ ACTH
▪ TSH
▪ are the most life threatening because they cause a decrease in the secretion of
vital hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands.
Anterior HYPOpituitarism
▪ Deficiencies of which two hormones are the most life threatening?
Bloodwork (all are DECREASED)
▪ T3
▪ T4
▪ Prolactin
▪ Testosterone
▪ Estradiol
Scans (you'll always draw blood work first for diagnostics though)
▪ CT/MRI - detect bone or soft tissue lesions
▪ Skull X-ray - detect enlargement, erosions, and calcification of the sella turcica
Anterior HYPOpituitarism
▪ Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests
TRUE! We have very small amounts of testosterone or estradiol no matter if we
are men or women.
T/F: do both men and women have testosterone and estradiol?
INCREASED:
▪ Prolactin - this might be the answer to the Q
▪ Cortisol
▪ TSH
▪ LH (men)
▪ FSH (men)
▪ Glucose
DECREASED:
▪ Gonadotropin
Anterior HYPERpituitarism
(SATA Q?)
▪ Laboratory Tests
▪ Prevent infection because they are immunosuppressed
▪ handwashing
HYPERcortisolism (aka Cushing's Disease)
Priority Intervention
, diabetes insipidus
▪ Deficiency of ADH resulting in large volumes of dilute urine
▪ A disorder of the posterior pituitary gland
They are losing a lot of water:
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• dehydration
• fluid/electrolyte imbalance
• dilute, low urine specific gravity (<1.005)
• high plasma osmolarity
• output does not decrease when fluid intake decreases
remember! your s/s are going to look like dehydration
• tachycardia
• hypotension
• poor turgor
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased cognition
• ataxia
• irritability
Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:
▪ What will the patient present with?/Key Symptoms
▪ desmopressin acetate (a synthetic form of vasopressin)
▪ can be PO, SL, or intranasal
Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:
▪ Drug Therapy
Addison's disease
What is adrenal gland hypofunction?
▪ If the patient remains alert and oriented x 3
Addison's Disease
▪ How do you know the therapy is working?
▪ Glucocorticoid drugs MUST be withdrawn slowly so you don't wind up with
Addison's or adrenal insufficiency
▪ This allows for pituitary protection of ACTH and activation of the adrenal cortex
to produce cortisol
Addison's Disease
▪ How do you discontinue glucocorticoid therapy to avoid secondary adrenal
insufficiency?
Complete Solution 2024/2025.
PT PAP HOT
▪ Pituitary
▪ Thyroid
▪ Pancreas
▪ Adrenals
▪ Parathyroid
▪ Hypothalamus
▪ Ovaries
▪ Testes
What are the glands of the endocrine system? (SATA Q?)
Grave's disease
an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized
by goiter and/or exophthalmos
Treatments
▪ Rx: methimazole, atenolol, and iodine-131
▪ radiation therapy
Nursing Interventions
▪ provide a calm environment
▪ keep patients room cool
▪ assess pain
▪ prepare patient for surgery
▪ post-operative care
▪ maintain a patent airway
-------- same as hypothyroidism ---------
▪ provide periods of rest
▪ continuous cardiac monitoring
▪ monitor vital signs
▪ daily weight
▪ monitor I&O
▪ monitor laboratory tests
▪ apply antiembolism stockings to prevent DVT
▪ provide skin care
HYPERthyroidism aka Grave's disease
▪ Treatments
pituitary gland
,_________ is considered to be the "master gland" as it secretes hormones that control
other parts of the endocrine system.
▪ ACTH
▪ TSH
▪ are the most life threatening because they cause a decrease in the secretion of
vital hormones from the adrenal and thyroid glands.
Anterior HYPOpituitarism
▪ Deficiencies of which two hormones are the most life threatening?
Bloodwork (all are DECREASED)
▪ T3
▪ T4
▪ Prolactin
▪ Testosterone
▪ Estradiol
Scans (you'll always draw blood work first for diagnostics though)
▪ CT/MRI - detect bone or soft tissue lesions
▪ Skull X-ray - detect enlargement, erosions, and calcification of the sella turcica
Anterior HYPOpituitarism
▪ Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests
TRUE! We have very small amounts of testosterone or estradiol no matter if we
are men or women.
T/F: do both men and women have testosterone and estradiol?
INCREASED:
▪ Prolactin - this might be the answer to the Q
▪ Cortisol
▪ TSH
▪ LH (men)
▪ FSH (men)
▪ Glucose
DECREASED:
▪ Gonadotropin
Anterior HYPERpituitarism
(SATA Q?)
▪ Laboratory Tests
▪ Prevent infection because they are immunosuppressed
▪ handwashing
HYPERcortisolism (aka Cushing's Disease)
Priority Intervention
, diabetes insipidus
▪ Deficiency of ADH resulting in large volumes of dilute urine
▪ A disorder of the posterior pituitary gland
They are losing a lot of water:
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• dehydration
• fluid/electrolyte imbalance
• dilute, low urine specific gravity (<1.005)
• high plasma osmolarity
• output does not decrease when fluid intake decreases
remember! your s/s are going to look like dehydration
• tachycardia
• hypotension
• poor turgor
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased cognition
• ataxia
• irritability
Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:
▪ What will the patient present with?/Key Symptoms
▪ desmopressin acetate (a synthetic form of vasopressin)
▪ can be PO, SL, or intranasal
Posterior Pituitary Gland: Diabetes Insipidus:
▪ Drug Therapy
Addison's disease
What is adrenal gland hypofunction?
▪ If the patient remains alert and oriented x 3
Addison's Disease
▪ How do you know the therapy is working?
▪ Glucocorticoid drugs MUST be withdrawn slowly so you don't wind up with
Addison's or adrenal insufficiency
▪ This allows for pituitary protection of ACTH and activation of the adrenal cortex
to produce cortisol
Addison's Disease
▪ How do you discontinue glucocorticoid therapy to avoid secondary adrenal
insufficiency?
