QUALIFICATION: PERIOPERATIVE THEATRE TECHNOLOGY
LEVEL 6
MANAGE PERIOPERATIVE THEATRE RESOURCES
BY WAMUKOTA SAMWEL
DEFINITION
Management is the process of getting things done through others with the help of
some basic activities like planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and
controlling to achieve the desired goals and objectives. It is the basis for every
organization
FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
1. Management is a Goal Oriented Process:
Each and every organization is established to achieve certain goals. Every business
enterprise has different set of goals depending upon the nature of organization. For
example, the goal of a newly established school may be to enroll at least 100
students every year while goal of a company may be to sell 200 units of its product
daily.
The efforts and the functions of the manager’s viz., planning, organization,
directing, staffing and controlling help in achieving these goals. Moreover, the
success of management is also measured by the extent to which the established
goals are achieved. Thus, these composite functions of management are separately
performed by all managers all the time simultaneously to realize organizational
goals.
2. Management is all Pervasive or Universal
Whether it is a commercial organization or noncommercial, big or small, all
require management to manage their operations. The activities in management are
applicable to every type of organization whether economic, social, charitable,
religious or political.
,For example, a cricket team needs to be managed as much as a club or a hospital.
The activities of managers in India are similar to their activities in say UK or USA.
Thus, it can be said that management is all pervasive and a universal phenomenon.
3. Management is multi-Dimensional:
Management is a complex activity and involves three main dimensions viz. (a)
Management of work, (b) Management of people and (c) Management of
operations.
4. Management of Work:
In each and every organization, certain types of jobs are to be performed. In
school, overall development of a child is to be done; in hospitals, patients are
treated; a departmental store fulfills the need of its customers etc. Management
converts these jobs into goals and creates the means to achieve them.
(b) Management of People:
Management is concerned with “getting things done through people”, which itself
is not an easy task at all. All the employees have different personalities, needs,
backgrounds and methods of work. Thus, management’s job is to make them work
as a group by giving common direction to their efforts.
Management encourages them to initiate and do their best for the betterment of the
organization through communication, strong motivation, effective leadership etc.
Management of people in this sense means reinforcing their strengths and
eliminating their weaknesses.
© Management of Operations:
In order to survive, each organization has to provide certain goods or services. This
involves processes that transform inputs into desired output for customers. Thus,
management of operations is connected with both the above dimensions too.
5. . Management is a Continuous Process:
Management is a continuous process consisting of a series of functions like
planning, Organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling. All the managers
perform these functions regularly. Management does not stop anywhere. It
continues without breaks and exists as long as Organization exists. There is an
ongoing series of functions in which a manager is involved.
,6. Management is a Group Activity:
The management consists of a number of persons who work as a group. Efforts of
all the members of group are directed towards achievement of common
organizationl goals. Members of any organization may have different purpose for
joining the organization but as its members they have to initiate, communicate,
coordinate and join their hands for the achievement of organizationl goals. Hence,
it is a group activity.
7. Management is Dynamic Function
The environment in which a business exists keeps on changing. Thus, in order to
be successful, management must change its goals, plans and policies according to
the needs of its environment. For example, Maruti Suzuki brought many new and
latest modifications in its cars to face the competition from foreign automobile
companies.
8. Management is an Intangible Force:
Management cannot be seen but we can realize the presence of management in the
operations of the organization. Absence of mismanagement is essential for the
existence of sound management. For example, increasing inventory of finished
products clearly indicates mismanagement by the organization but on the other
hand attainment of targeted production, satisfaction of employees and orderliness
instead of chaos are indicators of presence of sound management in non-
marketing areas.
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Principles of Management
Principles of management are the basic rules and philosophy that every manager
has to know and apply their concept in organizational success.
In fact, these are Henry Fayol’s principles, which are universally accepted and can
also be modified when needed to. They are:
Division of Work: This principle suggests that every employee should have a
specific task to do so that he/she can give the best productivity.
, Authority and Responsibility: It ensures employees should have sufficient
authority to fulfill the responsibility, not too much or few, and so the
responsibility.
Discipline: Discipline is the core value of all success. It is being disciplined in own
self and with the organizational culture.
Unity of Command: By this, an employee should have a provision to get orders
from a single manager at a time.
Unity of Direction: Here, unity of direction means all members of the team should
have the same goal and are only directed by a single boss.
Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: Focusing on the
group’s interest over a single employee for long-term goal achievement.
Remuneration: All the employees of the organization should be paid reasonable
and fair rewards for their contributions.
Centralization and Decentralization: The concept of both centralization and
decentralization should be implemented in the organization when needed.
Scalar Chain: It is the line of authority either from the bottom-up or top-to-
bottom, which is unchanged.
Order: All the instruments of the organization should be ordered in proper form,
whether it is materials or people.
Equity: Every employee of the organization should have the right to be equally
treated and respected.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel: At the core of this principle, the manager
should make-believe his employees that their job is secure.
Initiative: The manager should let the employees take their own initiative while
doing the job.
Espirit De Corps: At the core of this principle is that “Union is Strength” and
“Team Spirit“.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
So far, we understand what management is and its characteristics. Its
basic functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
which are basically directed to the achievement of desired objectives.
Planning
Planning is the first and foremost important function of management which is
about deciding now as to what to do in the future to achieve the set goals. Every
manager’s task is to make the most effective plan so that its objectives can be
achieved in the easiest and most cost-efficient way.
It is found that the more effective the planning is done, the more fruitful results it
will bring in the future. For making a better organizational plan, a manager can
LEVEL 6
MANAGE PERIOPERATIVE THEATRE RESOURCES
BY WAMUKOTA SAMWEL
DEFINITION
Management is the process of getting things done through others with the help of
some basic activities like planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and
controlling to achieve the desired goals and objectives. It is the basis for every
organization
FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
1. Management is a Goal Oriented Process:
Each and every organization is established to achieve certain goals. Every business
enterprise has different set of goals depending upon the nature of organization. For
example, the goal of a newly established school may be to enroll at least 100
students every year while goal of a company may be to sell 200 units of its product
daily.
The efforts and the functions of the manager’s viz., planning, organization,
directing, staffing and controlling help in achieving these goals. Moreover, the
success of management is also measured by the extent to which the established
goals are achieved. Thus, these composite functions of management are separately
performed by all managers all the time simultaneously to realize organizational
goals.
2. Management is all Pervasive or Universal
Whether it is a commercial organization or noncommercial, big or small, all
require management to manage their operations. The activities in management are
applicable to every type of organization whether economic, social, charitable,
religious or political.
,For example, a cricket team needs to be managed as much as a club or a hospital.
The activities of managers in India are similar to their activities in say UK or USA.
Thus, it can be said that management is all pervasive and a universal phenomenon.
3. Management is multi-Dimensional:
Management is a complex activity and involves three main dimensions viz. (a)
Management of work, (b) Management of people and (c) Management of
operations.
4. Management of Work:
In each and every organization, certain types of jobs are to be performed. In
school, overall development of a child is to be done; in hospitals, patients are
treated; a departmental store fulfills the need of its customers etc. Management
converts these jobs into goals and creates the means to achieve them.
(b) Management of People:
Management is concerned with “getting things done through people”, which itself
is not an easy task at all. All the employees have different personalities, needs,
backgrounds and methods of work. Thus, management’s job is to make them work
as a group by giving common direction to their efforts.
Management encourages them to initiate and do their best for the betterment of the
organization through communication, strong motivation, effective leadership etc.
Management of people in this sense means reinforcing their strengths and
eliminating their weaknesses.
© Management of Operations:
In order to survive, each organization has to provide certain goods or services. This
involves processes that transform inputs into desired output for customers. Thus,
management of operations is connected with both the above dimensions too.
5. . Management is a Continuous Process:
Management is a continuous process consisting of a series of functions like
planning, Organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling. All the managers
perform these functions regularly. Management does not stop anywhere. It
continues without breaks and exists as long as Organization exists. There is an
ongoing series of functions in which a manager is involved.
,6. Management is a Group Activity:
The management consists of a number of persons who work as a group. Efforts of
all the members of group are directed towards achievement of common
organizationl goals. Members of any organization may have different purpose for
joining the organization but as its members they have to initiate, communicate,
coordinate and join their hands for the achievement of organizationl goals. Hence,
it is a group activity.
7. Management is Dynamic Function
The environment in which a business exists keeps on changing. Thus, in order to
be successful, management must change its goals, plans and policies according to
the needs of its environment. For example, Maruti Suzuki brought many new and
latest modifications in its cars to face the competition from foreign automobile
companies.
8. Management is an Intangible Force:
Management cannot be seen but we can realize the presence of management in the
operations of the organization. Absence of mismanagement is essential for the
existence of sound management. For example, increasing inventory of finished
products clearly indicates mismanagement by the organization but on the other
hand attainment of targeted production, satisfaction of employees and orderliness
instead of chaos are indicators of presence of sound management in non-
marketing areas.
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Principles of Management
Principles of management are the basic rules and philosophy that every manager
has to know and apply their concept in organizational success.
In fact, these are Henry Fayol’s principles, which are universally accepted and can
also be modified when needed to. They are:
Division of Work: This principle suggests that every employee should have a
specific task to do so that he/she can give the best productivity.
, Authority and Responsibility: It ensures employees should have sufficient
authority to fulfill the responsibility, not too much or few, and so the
responsibility.
Discipline: Discipline is the core value of all success. It is being disciplined in own
self and with the organizational culture.
Unity of Command: By this, an employee should have a provision to get orders
from a single manager at a time.
Unity of Direction: Here, unity of direction means all members of the team should
have the same goal and are only directed by a single boss.
Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: Focusing on the
group’s interest over a single employee for long-term goal achievement.
Remuneration: All the employees of the organization should be paid reasonable
and fair rewards for their contributions.
Centralization and Decentralization: The concept of both centralization and
decentralization should be implemented in the organization when needed.
Scalar Chain: It is the line of authority either from the bottom-up or top-to-
bottom, which is unchanged.
Order: All the instruments of the organization should be ordered in proper form,
whether it is materials or people.
Equity: Every employee of the organization should have the right to be equally
treated and respected.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel: At the core of this principle, the manager
should make-believe his employees that their job is secure.
Initiative: The manager should let the employees take their own initiative while
doing the job.
Espirit De Corps: At the core of this principle is that “Union is Strength” and
“Team Spirit“.
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
So far, we understand what management is and its characteristics. Its
basic functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
which are basically directed to the achievement of desired objectives.
Planning
Planning is the first and foremost important function of management which is
about deciding now as to what to do in the future to achieve the set goals. Every
manager’s task is to make the most effective plan so that its objectives can be
achieved in the easiest and most cost-efficient way.
It is found that the more effective the planning is done, the more fruitful results it
will bring in the future. For making a better organizational plan, a manager can
