Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED ACTUAL EXAM 98 QUESTIONS AND CORRET DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+

Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED ACTUAL EXAM 98 QUESTIONS AND CORRET DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+ What is A Cardiac Emergency? A cardiac emergency is a life threatening. It can happen to a victim of any age, on land or in water. The care for a cardiac emergency is CPR and using an AED. By following the chain of cardiac survival the victim will have a greater change of survival. What is the cardiac chain of survival ~Early recognition and early access to the emergency medical services (EMS) system. *The sooner someone calls 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, the sooner EMS personnel will arrive and take over. ~Early CPR. *CPR helps supply oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. This helps keep the victim alive until an AED is used or more advanced medical care is provided. ~Early defibrillation. *An electrical shock, called defibrillation, may help restore an effective heart rhythm. Defibrillation is delivered using an AED. ~Early advanced medical care. *EMS personnel provide more advanced medical care and transport the victim to a hospital. For each minute CPR and defibrillation are delayed, the victim's chance for survival is reduced by about 10 percent. For each minute CPR and Defibrillation are delayed the chance of survival decreases by how much. For each minute CPR and defibrillation are delayed, the victim's chance for survival is reduced by about 10 percent. When the muscle of the heart suffers a loss of oxygenated blood what does this result in Myocardial infraction (MI) or heart attack Causes of heart attack Heart attacks usually result from cardiovascular disease. Other common causes of heart attack include respiratory distress, electrocution and traumatic injury. The most common conditions caused by cardiovascular disease include coronary heart disease (also known as coronary artery disease) and stroke. ~Recognizing a heart attack ~Chest discomfort or pain that is severe, lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes, goes away and comes back, or persists even during rest ~Discomfort, pressure or pain that is persistent and ranges from discomfort to an unbearable crushing sensation in the center of the chest, possibly spreading to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back, and usually not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication ~Pain that comes and goes (such as angina pectoris) ~Difficulty breathing, such as at a faster rate than normal or noisy breathing n Pale or ashen skin, especially around the face ~Sweating, especially on the face ~Dizziness or light-headedness ~Nausea or vomiting ~Fatigue, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness **Some people show no signs at all. Women may experience different pain than men. Women most often have a sharp sudden paint short lived pain outside the breast bone** When a lady is having a heart attack what symptoms are the most likely to have Women are somewhat more likely to experience some of the other warning signs, such as shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, back or jaw pain and unexplained fatigue or malaise What should you do when caring for a heart attack ~Take immediate action and summon EMS personnel. ~Have the victim stop any activity and rest in a comfortable position. ~Loosen tight or uncomfortable clothing. ~Closely monitor the victim until EMS personnel take over. Note any changes in the victim's appearance or behavior. ~Comfort the victim. ~Assist the victim with prescribed medication, such as nitroglycerin or aspirin, and administer emergency oxygen, if is available and you are trained to do so. n Be prepared to perform CPR and use an AED. **You should also ask questions to get information that relates to the victim's condition, such as what happened, whether the victim has any medical conditions or is taking any medications, or when was the last time the victim had anything to eat or drink.** If anything what is the one piece of information that you should ask the victim "What is your name Sir/m'am Where should a person having a heart attack be placed. On a FLAT FIRM SURFACE What does sample stand for S = Signs and symptoms These include bleeding, skin that is cool and moist, pain, nausea, headache and difficulty breathing. A = Allergies Determine if the victim is allergic to any medications, food, or environmental elements, such as pollen or bees. M = Medications Find out if the victim is using any prescription or nonprescription medications. P = Pertinent past medical history Determine if the victim is under the care of a health care provider for any medical condition, has had medical problems in the past or recently has been hospitalized. l = Last oral intake Find out what the victim most recently took in by mouth as well as the volume or dose consumed. This includes food, drinks and medication. E = Events leading up to the incident Determine what the victim was doing before and at the time of the incident. ***When talking to a child, get down at eye level with the child, speak slowly and in a friendly manner, use simple words and ask questions that the child can easily understand*** What is Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency that may be caused by a heart attack, drowning, electrocution, respiratory arrest or other conditions. Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating, or beats too irregularly or weakly to circulate blood effectively. Cardiac arrest can occur suddenly and without warning. In many cases, the victim already may be experiencing the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. What are signs of Cardiac Arrest The signs of a cardiac arrest include sudden collapse, unconsciousness, no breathing and no pulse. When should you give CPR A victim who is unconscious, not breathing and has no pulse is in cardiac arrest and needs CPR What is the objective of CPR The objective of CPR is to perform a combination of effective chest compressions and ventilations to circulate blood that contains oxygen to the victim's brain and other vital organs. In most cases, CPR is performed in cycles of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations. What are the steps to preforming CPR **Are you ok sir/M'ma 1.Make sure the scene is safe 2.Check for a airway breathing and circulation 3.If not doing any of the ABC's summon EMS (if you have to leave make sure you put your victim into the haines position) 4.Start CPR if you didn't see the victim colaps give to breaths and see if they go in. If they don't retile the head and try again. (If they don't go in the tendon time they most likely have something stuck in there windpipe) 5.30 and 2 if it is only you, but if you have a parent 25 and 2 for a child and infant and for adult(12 and older) 30 and 2 changing on the 30th compression. To increase the effectiveness of CPR it should be done on... ~The victim is on a firm, flat surface ~Compressions are the proper depth. ~Compression rate is appropriate. ~The chest fully recoils after each compression (letting the chest come all the way back up). ~CPR is performed without interruption. Remember when giving ventilation to a victim, you should ~Maintain an open airwayby keeping the head tilted back in the proper position. ~Seal the mask over the victim's mouth and nose. ~Blow into the one-way valve, ensuring that you can see the chest clearly rise and fall. Each ventilation should last about 1 second, with a brief pause between breaths to let the chest fall. **After ventilations, quickly reposition your hands on the center of the chest and start another cycle of compressions and ventilations.** techniques when its only you giving CPR on an adult Adult- Hand position:Heel of the hand in the center of the chest(on lower half of the sternum) with the other hand on top. Compression depth:At least 2 inches depending on the size of the person. Ventilations- Until cheese clearly rises(for about 1 second) *At least 100 compression per minute* techniques when its only you giving CPR on a child Child- Hand position:Heel of the hand in the center of the chest(on lower half of the sternum) with the other hand on top. Compression depth:About 2 inches depending on the size of the person. Ventilations- Until cheese clearly rises(for about 1 second)***At least 100 compression per minute* techniques when its only you giving CPR on a infant Infant- Hand position:Two or three fingers on the center of the chest (just below the nipple line) Compression depth:About 1 1/2 inches depending on the size of the person. Ventilations- Until cheese clearly rises(for about 1 second)***At least 100 compression per minute* How many rounds of compression should you do in 2 minutes 5 compressions techniques when its you and another person giving CPR on an adult Adult- Hand position:Heel of the hand in the center of the chest(on lower half of the sternum) with the other hand on top. Compression depth:At least 2 inches depending on the size of the person (30 compression pre round) . Ventilations- Until cheese clearly rises(for about 1 second) *At least 100 compression per minute* techniques when its you and another person giving CPR on a child Child- Hand position:Heel of the hand in the center of the chest(on lower half of the sternum) with the other hand on top. Compression depth:About 2 inches depending on the size of the person(15 compression per round). Ventilations- Until cheese clearly rises(for about 1 second)***At least 100 compression per minute* When do you stop CPR DO NOT STOP CPR UNLESS ~You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing. ~An AED is available and ready to use. ~Another trained rescuer takes over, such as a member of your safety team. n EMS personnel take over. ~You are too exhausted to continue. ~The scene becomes unsafe. When performing CPR it is not unusual for what When performing CPR, it is not unusual for the victim's ribs to break or cartilage to separate. The victim may vomit, there may be frothing at the nose and mouth, and the scene may be chaotic. The victim also may produce agonal gasps. Remember that agonal gasps are not breathing—this victim needs CPR When doing CPR you need to do it how? Straight Down, Hard and Fast Despite your best effort what may happen to a a cardiac rest victim They may pass away or may have life long injuries Two person rescue, what is the job