Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501 Walden
University (Weeks 1-6) Already Graded To Pass!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is
the nurse looking for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying
angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained?
Answer: Nucleolus
, The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response?
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that
the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition?
Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism
A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal,
does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH
Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium
parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature
Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth
and development
iodine
Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows
University (Weeks 1-6) Already Graded To Pass!!
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is
the nurse looking for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show
varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain
to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces
its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying
angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained?
Answer: Nucleolus
, The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response?
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same
direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that
the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to
describe this condition?
Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism
A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less productive than normal,
does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH
Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH = Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
T3/T4 normal + TSH abnormal = Secondary thyroid problem
If too much T3/T4, then TSH will be down. Vice Versa.
calcium
parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
metabolism, temperature
Thyroid produces hormones T3, T4, and plays big role in __, ___ regulation and growth
and development
iodine
Brain cannot make T3 and T4 without ___
slows
