Fundamentals HESI Prep-Ch 25-Patient Education and the Nursing Process, Questions and Correct Answers. With Rationale.

Fundamentals HESI Prep-Ch 25-Patient Education and the Nursing Process, Questions and Correct Answers. With Rationale. Which teaching tool is beneficial for patients with reading comprehension problems and visual deficits? ANS: Audiovisual materials Audiovisual materials include slides, audiotapes, television, and videotapes used with printed material or discussion. This teaching tool is effective for patients with reading comprehension problems and visual deficits. Graphs are visual presentations of numerical data. They help learners grasp information quickly about single concepts. This teaching tool may not be beneficial to patients with visual deficits. Likewise, using physical objects such as actual equipment, objects, or models to teach concepts or skills may not be beneficial to patients with visual deficits. The computer instruction method requires reading comprehension, psychomotor skills, and familiarity with computers. During a teaching session, a parent approaches the nurse for advice about managing a child's temper tantrums. The nurse enacts the role of the child to evaluate the parent's response to the child's behavior. The nurse is using which instructional method to teach the parent? ANS: Role play During role play, people are asked to play themselves or someone else. Patients learn required skills and feel more confident in being able to perform them independently. Analogies supplement verbal instruction with familiar images that make complex information more real and understandable. Simulation is a useful technique for teaching problem solving, application, and independent thinking. During individual or group discussions, the nurse poses a pertinent problem or situation for patients to solve. Demonstration is used when teaching psychomotor skills, such as preparing a syringe, bathing an infant, crutch walking, or taking a pulse. Which screening tool can be used to test literacy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. ANS: (2)Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 3) (4)Cloze test (5)Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) The WRAT 3, cloze test, and REALM tool can be used to test literacy. The WRAT 3 evaluates reading, spelling, and arithmetic skills. The cloze test is a test for reading comprehension. The REALM tool determines reading levels by using pronunciation of health care terms. TJC's Speak Up Initiatives help patients understand their rights when receiving health care but do not test health literacy. The NAALS is a survey conducted to assess the extent of health literacy in America. Which teaching approach would be effective for informing a patient of an emergency appendectomy and the postoperative recovery he or she will experience? ANS: Telling The telling approach should be used for teaching when limited information is taught. It is more effective for the patient experiencing anxiety. Participating involves the nurse and patient working together to achieve learning objectives. Entrusting gives the patient the opportunity to manage self-care, and the patient accepts the responsibility. Reinforcement is using some stimulus to increase the probability of a response. A patient is scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. When is an appropriate time to teach breathing exercises and coughing techniques to this patient? ANS: Before the surgery Deep breathing and coughing exercises are taught to the patient to prevent respiratory complications after surgery. These should be taught preoperatively so the patient learns the techniques and can perform them properly after surgery. The patient needs to start doing these exercises immediately after surgery. As a result of physical discomfort and fatigue after the surgery, the patient will not be able to learn the exercises properly. Teaching breathing exercises at discharge or during the next visit is inappropriate. Which teaching tool is suitable for patients who have strong reading comprehension and psychomotor skills? ANS: Computer instruction Computer instruction requires reading comprehension, psychomotor skills, and familiarity with computers. Physical objects such as actual equipment, objects, or models are used to teach concepts or skills. This teaching tool may not require the patient to have strong reading comprehension skills. Using printed material as a teaching tool requires the patient to have good reading comprehension skills but would not require psychomotor skills. Audiovisual materials include slides, audiotapes, television, and videotapes used with printed material or discussion. This teaching tool is suitable for patients with reading comprehension problems and visual deficits. While teaching a patient, the nurse determines that the patient is not able to read above the fifth-grade level. This describes which inability? ANS: Functional illiteracy Functional illiteracy is the inability to read above the fifth-grade level and is a major problem in America. Health literacy involves the cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to use information to promote good health. Health illiteracy is a lack of health literacy. A learning disability is the inability of an individual to learn new things because of various factors. A nurse describes arterial blood pressure as "like water flowing through a hose." Which teaching technique does this exemplify? ANS: Analogy Nurses may use analogies to explain difficult concepts with familiar images to make the concepts more real and understandable. Role play involves having the patient pretend to be him- or herself or someone else to rehearse a desired behavior (e.g., a parent rehearsing techniques for getting his or her child to take medicine). Demonstration is used to teach psychomotor skills such as preparing a syringe, bathing an infant, crutch walking, or taking a pulse. Simulation involves giving a patient a scenario and having him or her apply the learning to the situation; for instance, a nurse may give a heart patient a restaurant menu and ask him or her to select the most heart-healthy meal. While teaching pregnant women about nutrition and diet planning, the nurse randomly selects several women and gives them an opportunity to share their diet plans to correct mistakes and reinforce the correct information. The nurse is following which method of teaching? ANS: Group discussion After a lecture, learners often need the opportunity to share ideas and seek clarification in the form of structured group discussion. Group discussions allow patients and families to learn from one another as they review common experiences. During role play, learners are asked to play themselves or someone else. Patients learn required skills and feel more confident in being able to perform them independently. Demonstrations are used to teach psychomotor skills such as preparing a syringe, bathing an infant, crutch walking, or taking a pulse. During one-on-one discussions, information is usually given in an informal manner, allowing the patient to ask questions or share concerns. Which basic step of the nursing process includes setting priorities based on the patient's immediate needs? ANS: Planning In the planning phase of the nursing process, priorities are identified based on a patient's needs and expected outcomes. Evaluation involves identifying success or failure in meeting desired outcomes and goals. Assessment involves collecting data about the patient's physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. In the implementation step, the nurse performs nursing care therapies. Which principle should be followed when using analogies? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. ANS: (1)Being familiar with the concept (3)Keeping the analogy simple and clear (5)Knowing the patient's background, experience, and culture Using analogies is an instructional method of teaching patients about concepts that are not easily understood by explaining verbally. The principles the nurse should follow when using analogies include being familiar with the concept, keeping the analogy simple and clear, and knowing the patient's background, experience, and culture. The role play technique is an institutional method of teaching that involves rehearsing a desired behavior. Outlining the task that should be performed by the patient with explicit instructions is a general teaching approach, not a principle for using analogies.