Laser Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024

Laser Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 created the first laser Theodore mainmon created the ruby 694 laser organizations who provide guidelines for laser/safety training American national standards institute first step of client consultation explain how it works: only targets hair in growth stage which is why multiple sessions are needed. only works on dark hair second step of client consultation explain why you must stick to schedule: growth cycle third step of client consultation explain why you can only shave most surgical lasers are classified as this Hazard Class of Laser class 4 how often are audits conducted every year by laser safety officer all service technicians should have: documented laser safety training and education step 4 of consultation explain contraindications for meds and acceptance because you can burn step 5 of consultation after care instructions: no sun for 1 week after appointment, no exercising or overheating for at least 48 hours. keep shaving for purging hair. must avoid sun exposure non-beam laser hazard burns nominal hazard zone requirements must wear eyewear when inside and follow all control measures who determines the nominal hazard zone laser safety officer organizations that can charge fines OSHA requirements for laser treatment controlled area safety eyewear is available upon entry, only authorized personnel can enter what must be appointed in all health care if using laser laser safety officer laser treatments for estheticians hair reduction are lasers safe? lasers are FDA approved devices that aren't associated with risks of ionizing radiation (ex: x-rays, etc;) what has the FDA approved laser for approved for hair reduction not hair removal definition of laser by the FDA long term, stable reduction of the total amount of hairs growing in the treatment area only permanent method of hair removal recognized by the FDA electrolysis contributed to theory of laser Albert einstein in 1917 how laser hair reduction works by heating. hair is targeted, heated up, and follicle is damaged or destroyed from producing hair Terminal vs Vellus Hair vellus is peach fuzz, thin hair on face & body vs. terminal is coarse hair on scalp, underarms and pubic area what kind of hair does laser works best for? terminal what can happen if you laser vellus hair? it can become terminal hair layers of the skin epidermis, dermis, dermal-subcutaneous tissue (interface), subcutaneous tissue process lasers use selective photothermolysis where is hair? where does it come from? hair follicle in the dermis the different kinds of chromophore melanin, oxyhemoglobin, water definition of chromophore the substance that absorbs laser light adverse reactions of laser burns, hyper/hypo pigmentation, infection, permanent scarring 3 components of Fitzpatrick scale skin color, eye color, hair color Type 1 (Fitzpatrick scale) fair, light skin, light eyes and light hair (including red). never tans, always burns (within 10-15 min) Type 2 (Fitzpatrick) fair, light eyes, light hair, sometimes tans/usually burns within 20-30 mins Type 3 (Fitzpatrick) light skin, light or dark hair/eyes, tans gradually/sometimes burns within 30-40 mins Type 4 (Fitzpatrick) meditterranean, hispanic, asian skin, olive skin. light or dark hair types. tans easily/rarely burns (2-3 hours) Type 5 (Fitzpatrick) scale middle eastern, Indian skin. dark hair types. always tans/might burn (5-6 hours) Type 6 ( Fitzpatrick) black skin. never burns/always tans Fitzpatrick for biracial patients always treat towards the darker skin type not candidates for hair reduction + why Light blonde, gray, white, red hair. lack of melanin conditions of removing hair - papilla area and stem cells have to be destroyed - melanin is present in the hair in the anagen stage why multiple sessions are required not every hair in a treatment area are in the same stage at the same time minimum number of treatments 6-10 anagen the growing cycle how long does anagen stage last on the body 4 to 12 months how long does anagen stage last on the scalp 3-5 years catagen regression/transition stage what stage is the shortest catagen how long does the catagen stage last 3 weeks telogen resting/falling out phase hair stages anagen, catagen, telogen how long does telogen stage last 3 months visible light spectrum in nanometers 400-780 nm actinic rays, damaging, capable of causing changes ti DNA (cancer causing) 0-400 nm what we see in the visible spectrum wavelengths as color 400-480 nm violet/indigo 480-515 nm blue 515-540 nm green 540-590 nm yellow 590-630 nm orange 630-760 nm red 760-780 near infrared 780-10,000 nm infrared light heat when wavelength is less than green (540) gets colder higher than yellow (540) gets hotter 5% of light UVC, UVB + UVA, x-rays 60% of light infrared light 35% of light visible light (colors of rainbow) name and wavelength of lasers used for hair reduction laser to use for hair reduction ruby 694, Alex 755, diode 810, nd yag 1064 ruby 694 nm (red) best choice for hair reduction, skin types 1-3 alexandrite 755 (red, near infrared) nm second best choice for hair reduction. skin types 1-3 only diode 810 nm (infrared) third best choice, skin types 1-4 ND YAG 1064 nm (infrared) least effective option for hair reduction. can be used on all types, including 5 & 6. should only be used on lighter types who have had a tan or recent sun exposure to get maximum results fluence measures the total amount of energy delivered to the skin pulse duration The duration of an individual pulse of laser light; how long the skin is exposed to laser light; Usually measured in milliseconds. spot size The width of a laser beam. spot sizes typically range from 3 millimeters up to 20 (mm). cooling system of a laser removes generated heat from the unit, prevents skin injuries, lowers the risks of side effects, lessens pain cold air spray least effective cooling system cryogenic gels (cryogen spray) messy but more effective than cold air spray contact cooling system most effective types of contact cooling systems metals w/ water, sapphire glass metal w/ water cooling system has a metal electrode sapphire glass cooling system bottom of the electrode has sapphire glass and is the most expensive Larger spot size allows for lower fluencies (energy) smaller spot size equals higher fluencies (energy) what spot size will achieve better results smaller sizes longer pulse duration safer for the skin, especially darker skin types pulse duration for thinner hair/veins/capillaries must lower pulse duration (shorter milliseconds) when lowering pulse duration you must lower the fluence to prevent burning the skin characteristics of esthetics lasers pulsed lasers (uses pulse durations/widths measured in ms) pulse durations measured in esthetics lasers range from 20 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds q switched laser pulsed lasers, shorter pulses that use NANO seconds instead of milli seconds. much stronger IPL on melasma will make it worse because the short wavelengths are more damaging and melasma isn't superficial when lasers began to be used in esthetics late 80s-90s what is a class 4 laser capable of loss of vision, and area fire hazard how to avoid eye damage with class 4 laser everyone in the area where the laser is being operated or serviced must wear eye protection laser safety for windows all windows in the room must be covered with opaque, non-flammable material laser warning signs laser warnings signs busted be posted at all entrances whenever laser in use laser safety for entry restrict entry to the room when the laser in in use. who can use lasers? only authorized personnel well trained with documented laser safety training should operate or service the laser shutting down laser make sure all personnel know how to shut down laser in an emergency where to not operate laser do not operate laser near combustible liquids such as alcohol or ether. cleansing treatment area only soap and water. no alcohol or ether where not to direct laser beam do not direct laser beam at anything other than the calibration port or treatment site combustible solids for laser safety gauze and cotton swabs must be moistened with water who wears safety eyewear all persons must have on safety eyewear (patient and technician) what laser eyewear doesn't protect does not protect direct beams of light because blinds can occur what does laser eyewear protect against?non-beam hazards (direct light from ricocheting (bouncing) light bam hazards (ricocheting light) eye injuri non-beam hazards (direct light) burns, scarring, infection, hyper or hypo pigmentation what ANSI stands for American National Standards Institute what are ansi's series of safe use laser standards? are they mandatory? provide guidelines of laser safety training. they're not governed by law, but are "VOLUNTARY standards". what OSHA + JCAHO use for inspections & audit ANSI's series of safe use laser standards in the health care facilities OSHA can charge large fines for violations what JCAHO stands for Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations also known as "The Joint Commission". Laser Safety Officer (LSO) manages entire laser safety program. determines where the laser is located in the room and the zones laser treatment controlled area (LTCA) the ENTIRE room where the laser is located when you must wear Laser Safety Goggles must be available at the ENTRANCE of the LTCA, but NOT necessarily worn upon entering the room unless the entire room is deemed the "nominal hazardous zone" Nominal Hazard Zone (NHZ) area around the laser where injury can occur who determines the NHZ LASER SAFETY OFFICER inside the NHZ all persons must wear laser safety eyewear and follow all control measures what laser goggles must have color coded frames that are specific to the wavelength being used, and shows the optical density how often are safety audits conducted shall be conducted at least ONCE PER YEAR under supervision of the LSO keys use keys to turn laser on. must be STORED AWAY from the laser when not in use operating modes stand-by modes (not firing) and firing mode (firing) firing the laser must be in firing mode + use either the foot pedal or button on the electrode emergency stop all personnel must be aware of where the red emergency stop button is located to immediately shut down the laser in an emergency fitzpatrick scale for photofacials type 1-3. sometimes can be done on light skinned 4 clinical endpoint for hair reduction normal, reaction of the skin. mild to normal reaction of erythema. perifollicular edema. lasers to use for capillaries./spider veins/couperose skin diode diode 585 (yellow) for capillaries & couperose skin. skin types 1-3 only diode 532 (green) for capillaries & couperose skin. skin types 1-3 only only laser for spider veins nd:yag 1064 clinical endpoints for capillaries darkening of the capillary or it dissapears lasers to use for superficial hyperpigmentation argon 510 nm (Blue) , KTP 532 nm (yellow), dye 585 nm (yellow) argon 510 (blue) nm & KTP (green) 532 nm best choices for superficial hyperpigmentation. skin types 1-3 only. lasers to use for melasma needs fractional application or a "pico" laser. you can use diode 1500nm, HO: yag 2100 nm, ER: yag 2940 nm how deep is the target for laser on skin rejuvenation, stretch marks and skin resurfacing? dermis what is the chromophore for laser on skin rejuvenation, stretch marks and skin resurfacing? water skin rejuvenation laser application that is NOT ablative (non-invasive) lasers to use laser on skin rejuvenation diode or dye 1500 nm skin resurfacing laser application that is ablative (invasive) lasers to use laser on skin resurfacing ho: yağ 2100nm, er: yağ 2940 nm, co2 laser: 10600 nm fractional application skin resurfacing that is fractionated to be delivered at a slower, controlled rate. non-ablative skin resurfacing superficial rejuvenation age spots, spider veins, photo facial deeper rejuvenation wrinkles, collagen production, resurfacing, scars and stretch marks wave length, color & application of neon laser 488 nm (blue), superficial hyperpigmentation wave length, color & application of argon laser 510 nm (blue), superficial hyperpigmentation wave length, color & application of KTP laser 532 nm (green), superficial hyperpigmentation, capillaries, telangiectasia couperose, angiomas best laser for capillaries dye 585 (yellow) wave length, color & application of DYE laser 585, YELLOW, best for capillaries, telangiectasia couperose, angiomas wave length, color, types & application of RUBY laser 694, RED, hair reduction for types 1-2; sometimes 3. wave length, color & application of ALEX laser 755, RED, hair reduction for types 1-3 wave length, color & application of DIODE laser 810, infrared, hair reduction for types 1-4 wave length, color & application of ND-YAG laser 1064, infrared, hair reduction for types 5-6, skin rejuvenation, spider veins wave length, color & application of DIODE OR DYE laser 1500, infrared, skin rejuvenation, tightening, some scarring, melasma wave length, color & application of HO-YAG laser 2100, infrared, skin rejuvenation, resurfacing, ablative resurfacing what lasers are fractional 1500 and after wave length, color & application of er-yag laser 2940, infrared, skin rejuvenation, resurfacing, ablative resurfacing wave length, color & application of CO2 laser 10,600, infrared, resurfacing (ablative) what IPL stands for intense pulse light what LED stands for light emitting diode characteristics of laser monochromatic, coherent, collimated wavelengths for IPL filters out all the wavelength below the number you start with IPL facials photo facials IPL vs. laser - almost as effective as laser - less painful - requires more treatments - larger spot size what is the IPL power source regular flashlight what can IPL treat simutaenously pigment and redness spot size of IPL larger spot size than laser IPL green treats pigmentation/redness IPL yellow treats couperose/telangiectasia IPL red treats hair reduction LED characteristics light therapy effect, low intensity diode laser violet & blue LED treats acne, superficial hyperpigmentation green/yellow LED light treats sensitivity, dyschromia (uneven skin color) red LED light treats anti-aging, stimulating, helps collagen/elastin fluence formula for esthetics j (joules) / cm squared (spot size of electrode)