BIOD 121 module 3 exam portage learning SPRING 2024

positive energy balance more calories consumed than expended 2. negative energy balance fewer calories consumed than expended 3. hyperplasia increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy) 4. hypertrophy increase in cell size (low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood) 5. basal metabolic rate the number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure males 1kcal/kg/hr, femals 0.9kcal/kg/hr 6. BMR Effectors gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use 7. age and BMR declines by 1-2% per decade 8. Thermic effect of food (TEF) energy used for digestion and absorption of food and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended 9. Thermogenesis ability to regulate body temperature and activities such as fidgeting, maintaining body posture, and shivering small expenditure 10. brown fat found in infants below the collar bone metabolizes the energy yielding nutrients, which results in heat production to be used by the body more brown fat in lean adults 11. physical activity 15-40% of energy expenditure 12. direct calorimetry measures the amount of heat given off by the body insulated chamber surrounded by a thin layer of water is