NURSING
Hemodynamic
Monitoring POP Review
Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. What is the normal range of stroke volume (SV) in adults?
a) 30-60 mL
b) 60-90 mL
c) 90-120 mL
d) 120-150 mL
Answer: B
Rationale: Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle per heartbeat. The normal range is 60-90 mL .
2. What is the most common method of measuring preload in
hemodynamic monitoring?
a) Central venous pressure (CVP)
b) Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)
c) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
d) Cardiac output (CO)
Answer: B
Rationale: Preload is the amount of ventricular stretch at the end of
diastole. The most common method of measuring preload is PAWP,
which reflects the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) .
3. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?
a) CO = SV x HR
b) CO = SV x SVR
c) CO = HR x MAP
d) CO = HR x CVP
Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per
minute. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate .
4. What is the normal range of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in
adults?
a) 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
b) 1200-1600 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
c) 1600-2000 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
d) 2000-2400 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
Answer: A
Rationale: Systemic vascular resistance is the amount of resistance the
, heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood volume
out into the systemic circulation. The normal range is 800-1200
dynes/sec/cm^-5^ .
5. What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?
a) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
b) Pulmonary embolism (PE)
c) Cardiac tamponade
d) Tension pneumothorax
Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is a type of shock caused by impaired
cardiac function, resulting in decreased cardiac output and tissue
perfusion. The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is AMI, which
leads to myocardial ischemia, necrosis, and dysfunction .
6. What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?
a) Hemorrhage
b) Dehydration
c) Burns
d) Sepsis
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock is a type of shock caused by decreased
intravascular volume, resulting in decreased preload, stroke volume, and
cardiac output. The most common cause of hypovolemic shock is
hemorrhage, which can be due to trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal
bleeding .
7. What is the most common cause of distributive shock?
a) Anaphylaxis
b) Sepsis
c) Neurogenic injury
d) Adrenal insufficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Distributive shock is a type of shock caused by widespread
vasodilation, resulting in decreased afterload, venous return, and cardiac
output. The most common cause of distributive shock is sepsis, which
triggers a systemic inflammatory response that impairs vascular tone and
capillary permeability .
Hemodynamic
Monitoring POP Review
Exam
Q&A
2024
,1. What is the normal range of stroke volume (SV) in adults?
a) 30-60 mL
b) 60-90 mL
c) 90-120 mL
d) 120-150 mL
Answer: B
Rationale: Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle per heartbeat. The normal range is 60-90 mL .
2. What is the most common method of measuring preload in
hemodynamic monitoring?
a) Central venous pressure (CVP)
b) Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)
c) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
d) Cardiac output (CO)
Answer: B
Rationale: Preload is the amount of ventricular stretch at the end of
diastole. The most common method of measuring preload is PAWP,
which reflects the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) .
3. What is the formula for calculating cardiac output (CO)?
a) CO = SV x HR
b) CO = SV x SVR
c) CO = HR x MAP
d) CO = HR x CVP
Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per
minute. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate .
4. What is the normal range of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in
adults?
a) 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
b) 1200-1600 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
c) 1600-2000 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
d) 2000-2400 dynes/sec/cm^-5^
Answer: A
Rationale: Systemic vascular resistance is the amount of resistance the
, heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood volume
out into the systemic circulation. The normal range is 800-1200
dynes/sec/cm^-5^ .
5. What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?
a) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
b) Pulmonary embolism (PE)
c) Cardiac tamponade
d) Tension pneumothorax
Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock is a type of shock caused by impaired
cardiac function, resulting in decreased cardiac output and tissue
perfusion. The most common cause of cardiogenic shock is AMI, which
leads to myocardial ischemia, necrosis, and dysfunction .
6. What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock?
a) Hemorrhage
b) Dehydration
c) Burns
d) Sepsis
Answer: A
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock is a type of shock caused by decreased
intravascular volume, resulting in decreased preload, stroke volume, and
cardiac output. The most common cause of hypovolemic shock is
hemorrhage, which can be due to trauma, surgery, or gastrointestinal
bleeding .
7. What is the most common cause of distributive shock?
a) Anaphylaxis
b) Sepsis
c) Neurogenic injury
d) Adrenal insufficiency
Answer: B
Rationale: Distributive shock is a type of shock caused by widespread
vasodilation, resulting in decreased afterload, venous return, and cardiac
output. The most common cause of distributive shock is sepsis, which
triggers a systemic inflammatory response that impairs vascular tone and
capillary permeability .
