NUR 372 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers, With Complete Solution. Exam Prep.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
coronary arteries are obstructed or dysfunctional
ischemic or infarcted
athertosclerosis
most common cause of coronary artery disease
infarcted
0 oxygen
muscle dies and is irreversible
treatment for CAD
lifestyle changes
medication
heart cath with balloon and/or stent
coronary artery bypass grafting
goal of medications for CAD
decrease oxygen demand and increase oxygen supply
Acute coronary syndrome
damage or destruction of heart muscle from lack of oxygenated blood
STEMI
NSTEMI
Unstable Angina
unstable angina
chest pain at rest
emergency
NSTEMI
non-ST elevation MI
partial occlusion or temporary complete blockage
STEMI
ST elevation MI
complete occlusion
common MI
women/diabetes
Who might have abnormal symptoms of ischemia
Nitro
vasodilator
increases blood flow to heart muscle but dilating coronary arteries
Antihypertensives
reduce workload of the heart
beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Antiplatelet
, prevent platelet aggregation
Aspirin, Clopidogrel
Anticoagulants
prevent thrombus formation
Meds for Angina treatment
Nitro
Antihypertensives
Antiplatelet
Anticoagulants
Immediate intervention
If the patient starts complaining of chest pain
Aspirin
first medication given if patient complains of chest pain
- might chew
Nitroglycerin
given after Aspirin if chest pain is reported
every 5 min, max of 3 doses
Administer oxygen
third action if patient has unrelieved chest pain and if symptomatic
Morphine
given fourth for chest pain (with caution!) and only after Nitro
Myocardial infarction
tissue death from prolonged and severe ischemia (irreversible)
long term complications from MI
heart failure
dysrhythmias
Coronary artery bypass grafting
bypass blocked coronary artery
Systolic heart failure
impaired contraction
weak, floppy heart muscle
Diastolic heart failure
impaired filling
stiff, rigid heart muscle
Ejection fraction
% of blood ejected from left ventricle with each contraction
normal = 50-70%
HF = <40%
Right heart failure
blood can not pump into lungs, and blood backs up into the body
causes of RHF
pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary embolism
symptoms of RHF
edema
ascites
Answers, With Complete Solution. Exam Prep.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
coronary arteries are obstructed or dysfunctional
ischemic or infarcted
athertosclerosis
most common cause of coronary artery disease
infarcted
0 oxygen
muscle dies and is irreversible
treatment for CAD
lifestyle changes
medication
heart cath with balloon and/or stent
coronary artery bypass grafting
goal of medications for CAD
decrease oxygen demand and increase oxygen supply
Acute coronary syndrome
damage or destruction of heart muscle from lack of oxygenated blood
STEMI
NSTEMI
Unstable Angina
unstable angina
chest pain at rest
emergency
NSTEMI
non-ST elevation MI
partial occlusion or temporary complete blockage
STEMI
ST elevation MI
complete occlusion
common MI
women/diabetes
Who might have abnormal symptoms of ischemia
Nitro
vasodilator
increases blood flow to heart muscle but dilating coronary arteries
Antihypertensives
reduce workload of the heart
beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Antiplatelet
, prevent platelet aggregation
Aspirin, Clopidogrel
Anticoagulants
prevent thrombus formation
Meds for Angina treatment
Nitro
Antihypertensives
Antiplatelet
Anticoagulants
Immediate intervention
If the patient starts complaining of chest pain
Aspirin
first medication given if patient complains of chest pain
- might chew
Nitroglycerin
given after Aspirin if chest pain is reported
every 5 min, max of 3 doses
Administer oxygen
third action if patient has unrelieved chest pain and if symptomatic
Morphine
given fourth for chest pain (with caution!) and only after Nitro
Myocardial infarction
tissue death from prolonged and severe ischemia (irreversible)
long term complications from MI
heart failure
dysrhythmias
Coronary artery bypass grafting
bypass blocked coronary artery
Systolic heart failure
impaired contraction
weak, floppy heart muscle
Diastolic heart failure
impaired filling
stiff, rigid heart muscle
Ejection fraction
% of blood ejected from left ventricle with each contraction
normal = 50-70%
HF = <40%
Right heart failure
blood can not pump into lungs, and blood backs up into the body
causes of RHF
pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary embolism
symptoms of RHF
edema
ascites
