NUR 372 Exam 4 HIV/IMMUNITY, Questions
and Correct Answers, With Complete solution.
innate immunity
natural; nonspecific
acquired immunity
adaptive; specific
1st line of defense
physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, lining of
organs)
2nd line of defense
inflammatory response
Where are B cells formed and matured?
bone marrow
Where are T cells formed
bone marrow
Where are T cells matured?
thymus
Neutrophils
phagocytes of early inflammation that destroy bacteria
Basophils
release heparin and histamine
Eosinophils
destroy allergens and parasitic infections
Macrophages
phagocytes and initiators of inflammatory response
IgA
found in breast milk, salvia, sweat, mucous, tears
IgD
plays a role in B cell activation
IgE
associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections
IgG
effective against bacteria, viruses, toxins; crosses placenta; most abundant
IgM
first antibody produced in response to an antigen
Cytotoxic T cells
respond to FOREIGN cells
Helper T cells
used in both adaptive and innate immunity; activate macrophages, B cells, cytotoxic T
cells, NK cells, and suppressor cells
Suppressor T cells
activated by helper T cells when immune response no longer needed
natural killer cells
, targets virus-infected and tumor cells; increase with age
Dendrites
most potent antigen presenting cell; captures and engulfs antigens producing the MHC
Where are mast cells found?
skin and lining of respiratory and GI tract
Mast cell function
release histamine and heparin during inflammatory response; responsible for allergic
reactions
The innate immune response provides barriers and inflammatory response which
is ________________, ____________________, and ______________
___________________.
immediate, nonspecific, without memory
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
group of proteins that code for antigens on APC
Sequence of inflammatory response
1. Vascular: vasodilation and increased permeability increase blood flow and leukocyte
transport; 2. Cellular: organisms engulfed and phagocytized, fibrinogen clot formed to
limit infection; 3. Tissue repair and reconstruction: WBC stimulate new blood vessel
formation and growth, scar tissue formation
Stages of phagocytosis
exposure, attraction, adherence, recognition, cellular ingestion, phagosome formation,
degradation
natural active immunity
antigen enters body naturally; influenza virus
artificial active immunity
small amount of antigen introduced to body; vaccine
natural passive immunity
antibodies transferred via breastmilk to infant
artificial passive immunity
antibodies from another host injected into person
Which antibody is formed after a vaccine, providing immunity?
IgG
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Immediate; atopic allergy; most common; mediated by IgE
Allergy testing patient preparation
discontinue steroids and antihistamines
type 1 hypersensitivity tx
antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodilators, steroids, epinephrine IM if emergency
type 1 hypersensitivity nursing actions
100% oxygen via nonrebreather, raise HOB, resuscitative equipment available
What do you do if the allergy is IV infusion?
change tubing and run normal saline
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
cytotoxic
Type II subtype 1
antibody-mediated cell destruction; blood transfusion reaction
and Correct Answers, With Complete solution.
innate immunity
natural; nonspecific
acquired immunity
adaptive; specific
1st line of defense
physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers (skin, mucous membranes, lining of
organs)
2nd line of defense
inflammatory response
Where are B cells formed and matured?
bone marrow
Where are T cells formed
bone marrow
Where are T cells matured?
thymus
Neutrophils
phagocytes of early inflammation that destroy bacteria
Basophils
release heparin and histamine
Eosinophils
destroy allergens and parasitic infections
Macrophages
phagocytes and initiators of inflammatory response
IgA
found in breast milk, salvia, sweat, mucous, tears
IgD
plays a role in B cell activation
IgE
associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections
IgG
effective against bacteria, viruses, toxins; crosses placenta; most abundant
IgM
first antibody produced in response to an antigen
Cytotoxic T cells
respond to FOREIGN cells
Helper T cells
used in both adaptive and innate immunity; activate macrophages, B cells, cytotoxic T
cells, NK cells, and suppressor cells
Suppressor T cells
activated by helper T cells when immune response no longer needed
natural killer cells
, targets virus-infected and tumor cells; increase with age
Dendrites
most potent antigen presenting cell; captures and engulfs antigens producing the MHC
Where are mast cells found?
skin and lining of respiratory and GI tract
Mast cell function
release histamine and heparin during inflammatory response; responsible for allergic
reactions
The innate immune response provides barriers and inflammatory response which
is ________________, ____________________, and ______________
___________________.
immediate, nonspecific, without memory
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
group of proteins that code for antigens on APC
Sequence of inflammatory response
1. Vascular: vasodilation and increased permeability increase blood flow and leukocyte
transport; 2. Cellular: organisms engulfed and phagocytized, fibrinogen clot formed to
limit infection; 3. Tissue repair and reconstruction: WBC stimulate new blood vessel
formation and growth, scar tissue formation
Stages of phagocytosis
exposure, attraction, adherence, recognition, cellular ingestion, phagosome formation,
degradation
natural active immunity
antigen enters body naturally; influenza virus
artificial active immunity
small amount of antigen introduced to body; vaccine
natural passive immunity
antibodies transferred via breastmilk to infant
artificial passive immunity
antibodies from another host injected into person
Which antibody is formed after a vaccine, providing immunity?
IgG
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Immediate; atopic allergy; most common; mediated by IgE
Allergy testing patient preparation
discontinue steroids and antihistamines
type 1 hypersensitivity tx
antihistamines, decongestants, bronchodilators, steroids, epinephrine IM if emergency
type 1 hypersensitivity nursing actions
100% oxygen via nonrebreather, raise HOB, resuscitative equipment available
What do you do if the allergy is IV infusion?
change tubing and run normal saline
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
cytotoxic
Type II subtype 1
antibody-mediated cell destruction; blood transfusion reaction
