NR-503 Midterm Exam (Terms), With
Complete Solution 2024.
vital statistics
The collection, tabulation, and interpretation of data concerning birth, marriage, divorce,
sickness, and death.
Morbidity
presence of illness in population
mortality
related to tracking of deaths in a population
cases
people afflicted (those who are sick)
social justice
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a
society.
Epidemiology
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases and other factors relating to health.
Population Health
health outcomes of a group of people, and the distribution of those outcomes within the
group
Incidence
number of new cases
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a
population at a within a specific time frame
Outcomes
End result that follows an intervention
Inter-professional collaboration
Health professionals work together in small groups providing care. Examples: oncology,
OR, end of life or primary care.
Healthy People 2020
A set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet
during the second decade of the new millennium.
Determinants of health
Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of
health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or
worse health than others.
Campaign for Action
mobilizes nurses, health providers, consumers to strengthen nursing through policy
changes. Goal based on IOM future of nursing report.
primary intervention
, process of altering susceptibility or reducing exposure to prevent disease prior to the
person getting it, ex: immunizations, tobacco prevention initiatives
secondary intervention
early detection of disease or risk factors and intervention during an asymptomatic
phase, ex: pap smear, rapid HIV, annual cholesterol test
tertiary intervention
an intervention that occurs after the initial occurrence of symptoms but before
irreversible disability occurs, ex: cardiac rehab programs
aggregate
defined population
community
composed of multiple aggregates
high risk populations
Certain groups of people who have a higher risk of getting an illness than others
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
specificity
The ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease.
sensitivity
the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease
continuous variable screenings
those that are not either positive or negative but occur on a continuum of values
Two stage testing
less sensitive first specific test is used often at a lower cost or less risk to the patient,
ex: TB skin
Positive predictive value
The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease
Negative predictive value
the probably that a person with a negative test is truly free of disease
internal validity
interpreting the findings of a study depends on the- design, conduct and analyses, does
the study measure what it is supposed to measure
external validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to
other people
gold standard
tests with 100% sensitivity and specificity
Reliability
Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated testings
probability
likelihood that a particular event will happen
likelihood ratio
combines sensitivity and specificity data to help the clinician quantify how much the
odds of disease change based on a positive or negative result
active surveillance
Complete Solution 2024.
vital statistics
The collection, tabulation, and interpretation of data concerning birth, marriage, divorce,
sickness, and death.
Morbidity
presence of illness in population
mortality
related to tracking of deaths in a population
cases
people afflicted (those who are sick)
social justice
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a
society.
Epidemiology
the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of
diseases and other factors relating to health.
Population Health
health outcomes of a group of people, and the distribution of those outcomes within the
group
Incidence
number of new cases
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a
population at a within a specific time frame
Outcomes
End result that follows an intervention
Inter-professional collaboration
Health professionals work together in small groups providing care. Examples: oncology,
OR, end of life or primary care.
Healthy People 2020
A set of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet
during the second decade of the new millennium.
Determinants of health
Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of
health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or
worse health than others.
Campaign for Action
mobilizes nurses, health providers, consumers to strengthen nursing through policy
changes. Goal based on IOM future of nursing report.
primary intervention
, process of altering susceptibility or reducing exposure to prevent disease prior to the
person getting it, ex: immunizations, tobacco prevention initiatives
secondary intervention
early detection of disease or risk factors and intervention during an asymptomatic
phase, ex: pap smear, rapid HIV, annual cholesterol test
tertiary intervention
an intervention that occurs after the initial occurrence of symptoms but before
irreversible disability occurs, ex: cardiac rehab programs
aggregate
defined population
community
composed of multiple aggregates
high risk populations
Certain groups of people who have a higher risk of getting an illness than others
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
specificity
The ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease.
sensitivity
the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease
continuous variable screenings
those that are not either positive or negative but occur on a continuum of values
Two stage testing
less sensitive first specific test is used often at a lower cost or less risk to the patient,
ex: TB skin
Positive predictive value
The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease
Negative predictive value
the probably that a person with a negative test is truly free of disease
internal validity
interpreting the findings of a study depends on the- design, conduct and analyses, does
the study measure what it is supposed to measure
external validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to
other people
gold standard
tests with 100% sensitivity and specificity
Reliability
Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated testings
probability
likelihood that a particular event will happen
likelihood ratio
combines sensitivity and specificity data to help the clinician quantify how much the
odds of disease change based on a positive or negative result
active surveillance
