NR 503-MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS, WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION. UPDATED 2024.
Epidemiology
Science of public health.
Study of disease within populations & risk factors.
Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the
individual.
Servers to find the "why" of a disease & then to analyze the disease screening,
treatment, prevention, and monitoring.
population health
focuses on risk, data, demographics, and outcomes
Outcomes
End result that follows an intervention
Aggregate
defined population
Community
Multiple aggregates
Data
Compiled information
Prevalence
Existence of a disease.
Number of all cases of the disease
Incidence
Measures appearance of a disease over a period of time.
Surveillance
Collection, analysis, and dissemination of data.
High-risk
An increased chance of poor health outcomes
Morbidity
Presence of illness in a population
Mortality
Tracking deaths in an aggregate
Vital statistics
statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces
Cases
Criterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event
Social Justice
The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and
opportunities-including the right to good health
Inter-professional collaboration
, Collaborative action oriented toward a common goal of improving quality & safety of
patient care.
Involves responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperation,
assertiveness, mutual respect, and autonomy.
HP2020
4 goals:
1) attain high-quality lives preventable disease
2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups
3) create social and physical environments that promote good health.
4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and health
Determinants of Care
Range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health
status
Risk Analysis
Characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to
environmental hazards
health disparities
Differences of health statuses between various populations.
Sensitivity
Measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., %
of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition)
Specificity
True negative rate
Measures actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of healthy
people who are correctly ID's as not having the condition)
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease
Epidemiological triangle
Triad with an external agent, host, and an environment that cause the disease.
Environmental factors and genetics play a role.
Disease transmitted directly or indirectly.
Outright symptoms or subclinical disease.
Confounding Variable
Extra variable not accounted for and can ruin the experiment.
Can introduce bias.
Study methods
Descriptive.
Analytic.
Experimental.
Descriptive study methods
ANSWERS, WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION. UPDATED 2024.
Epidemiology
Science of public health.
Study of disease within populations & risk factors.
Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the
individual.
Servers to find the "why" of a disease & then to analyze the disease screening,
treatment, prevention, and monitoring.
population health
focuses on risk, data, demographics, and outcomes
Outcomes
End result that follows an intervention
Aggregate
defined population
Community
Multiple aggregates
Data
Compiled information
Prevalence
Existence of a disease.
Number of all cases of the disease
Incidence
Measures appearance of a disease over a period of time.
Surveillance
Collection, analysis, and dissemination of data.
High-risk
An increased chance of poor health outcomes
Morbidity
Presence of illness in a population
Mortality
Tracking deaths in an aggregate
Vital statistics
statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces
Cases
Criterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event
Social Justice
The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and
opportunities-including the right to good health
Inter-professional collaboration
, Collaborative action oriented toward a common goal of improving quality & safety of
patient care.
Involves responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperation,
assertiveness, mutual respect, and autonomy.
HP2020
4 goals:
1) attain high-quality lives preventable disease
2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups
3) create social and physical environments that promote good health.
4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and health
Determinants of Care
Range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health
status
Risk Analysis
Characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to
environmental hazards
health disparities
Differences of health statuses between various populations.
Sensitivity
Measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., %
of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition)
Specificity
True negative rate
Measures actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of healthy
people who are correctly ID's as not having the condition)
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease
Epidemiological triangle
Triad with an external agent, host, and an environment that cause the disease.
Environmental factors and genetics play a role.
Disease transmitted directly or indirectly.
Outright symptoms or subclinical disease.
Confounding Variable
Extra variable not accounted for and can ruin the experiment.
Can introduce bias.
Study methods
Descriptive.
Analytic.
Experimental.
Descriptive study methods
