FNP Board Study Questions and Correct
Answers, Updated 2024.
onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and toenails causing
change in color, texture, and thickness
Actinic purpura
Purple patches or macules on backs of the hands and forearms of the elderly would be
suggestive of
pediculosis capitis
Lice
Annular
circular lesions that begin in the center and spreads to the periphery as with tinea and
ringworm lesions.
macule, macula
A macule is defined as a small flat spot measuring no larger than 1 cm. Examples are a
freckle and petechiae.
Beau's lines
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail. They
appear as transverse depressions of the nail plates, usually bilateral, resulting from
temporary disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness, such as severe
illness, cold stress in the presence of Reynaud's disease, and trauma.
Cushing's disease can present with any of the following skin lesions:
: striae, skin atrophy, purpura, ecchymosis, telangiectasias, acne, moon facies, buffalo
hump, or hypertrichosis.
Rubor
Rubor is a term used to describe the response of the skin to inflammation. Skin that
appears dusky red is rubor.
Vitiligo
depigmented macules appearing on the face, hands, feet and other parts of the body as
they lack melanin.
Furuncle
Boils, also known as furuncles, are painful infections that develop within hair follicles.
They usually begin as papules on the skin, then develop a white or soft center.
Rule of nines
The "Rule of Nines" assigns percentage of body surface area burned based on the
location of the burn. The percentages are as follows: head and neck = 18%, anterior
and posterior chest = 18% each, arms (anterior and posterior) = 4.5% each, legs
(anterior and posterior) = 6.7% each, and perineum = 1%. For this example, 18% for
posterior trunk plus 9% for arms = 27%.
Verucca plana
Verruca plana are small, flat warts located on superficial surfaces of the skin.
Verucca vulgaris
, Verruca vulgaris are dry, rough warts located on the hand
Candidal diaper rash
Candidiasis is characteristic of a rash appearing with bright red, moist patches with
sharply demarcated borders, with some loose scales noted in the diaper area
Dysplastic nevus
dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole. It may be
bigger than a common mole, and its color, surface, and border may be different. It is
usually more than 5 millimeters wide and can have a mixture of several colors, from
pink to dark brown. Usually, it is flat with a smooth, slightly scaly, or pebbly surface, and
it has an irregular edge that may fade into the surrounding skin.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma usually arises in sun-exposed areas and classically appears as
pearly, erythematous, translucent papules, but may also be subtle red macules or
exhibit other morphologies.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma are crusted hyperkeratotic lesions with a rough surface or
flat, reddish patches with an inflamed or ulcerated appearance.
Melanoma
Melanomas arise from the pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis. These
melanocytes give skin its color and appear as dark, raised, asymmetric lesions with
irregular borders.
Tinea versicolor
Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin, causing hypo or
hyperpigmented ("versicolor"), slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, and upper
arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution). They are easier to see in darker skin and may be
more obvious after tanning. In lighter skin, macules may look reddish or tan instead of
pale.
Ichthyosis vulgaris
Ichthyosis vulgaris is a skin disorder that causes thin flakes of dead exfoliated
epidermis.
Priority intervention for atopic dermatitis
By relieving pruritus, itching is eased and this helps decrease scratching behaviors
which can increase risk of infection. This is the major intervention. The others are
helpful but not priority. The key is to keep the lesions moist as dryness will lead to
itching and scratching and the potential for infection, especially in the case of impetigo.
Hyperthyroidism
patients who have hyperthyroidism, the skin has a velvety appearance and is usually
warm to touch
Leukonychia
Leukonychia is a white discoloration appearing on nails. The most common cause is
injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
Cavernous hemangioma
cavernous hemangioma appears as a reddish blue, irregularly shaped, solid and
spongy mass of blood vessels. It may be present at birth, may enlarge during the first
10 to 15 months, and will not involute spontaneously.
Lichenification
Answers, Updated 2024.
onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and toenails causing
change in color, texture, and thickness
Actinic purpura
Purple patches or macules on backs of the hands and forearms of the elderly would be
suggestive of
pediculosis capitis
Lice
Annular
circular lesions that begin in the center and spreads to the periphery as with tinea and
ringworm lesions.
macule, macula
A macule is defined as a small flat spot measuring no larger than 1 cm. Examples are a
freckle and petechiae.
Beau's lines
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail. They
appear as transverse depressions of the nail plates, usually bilateral, resulting from
temporary disruption of proximal nail growth from systemic illness, such as severe
illness, cold stress in the presence of Reynaud's disease, and trauma.
Cushing's disease can present with any of the following skin lesions:
: striae, skin atrophy, purpura, ecchymosis, telangiectasias, acne, moon facies, buffalo
hump, or hypertrichosis.
Rubor
Rubor is a term used to describe the response of the skin to inflammation. Skin that
appears dusky red is rubor.
Vitiligo
depigmented macules appearing on the face, hands, feet and other parts of the body as
they lack melanin.
Furuncle
Boils, also known as furuncles, are painful infections that develop within hair follicles.
They usually begin as papules on the skin, then develop a white or soft center.
Rule of nines
The "Rule of Nines" assigns percentage of body surface area burned based on the
location of the burn. The percentages are as follows: head and neck = 18%, anterior
and posterior chest = 18% each, arms (anterior and posterior) = 4.5% each, legs
(anterior and posterior) = 6.7% each, and perineum = 1%. For this example, 18% for
posterior trunk plus 9% for arms = 27%.
Verucca plana
Verruca plana are small, flat warts located on superficial surfaces of the skin.
Verucca vulgaris
, Verruca vulgaris are dry, rough warts located on the hand
Candidal diaper rash
Candidiasis is characteristic of a rash appearing with bright red, moist patches with
sharply demarcated borders, with some loose scales noted in the diaper area
Dysplastic nevus
dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole. It may be
bigger than a common mole, and its color, surface, and border may be different. It is
usually more than 5 millimeters wide and can have a mixture of several colors, from
pink to dark brown. Usually, it is flat with a smooth, slightly scaly, or pebbly surface, and
it has an irregular edge that may fade into the surrounding skin.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma usually arises in sun-exposed areas and classically appears as
pearly, erythematous, translucent papules, but may also be subtle red macules or
exhibit other morphologies.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma are crusted hyperkeratotic lesions with a rough surface or
flat, reddish patches with an inflamed or ulcerated appearance.
Melanoma
Melanomas arise from the pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis. These
melanocytes give skin its color and appear as dark, raised, asymmetric lesions with
irregular borders.
Tinea versicolor
Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin, causing hypo or
hyperpigmented ("versicolor"), slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck, and upper
arms (short-sleeved shirt distribution). They are easier to see in darker skin and may be
more obvious after tanning. In lighter skin, macules may look reddish or tan instead of
pale.
Ichthyosis vulgaris
Ichthyosis vulgaris is a skin disorder that causes thin flakes of dead exfoliated
epidermis.
Priority intervention for atopic dermatitis
By relieving pruritus, itching is eased and this helps decrease scratching behaviors
which can increase risk of infection. This is the major intervention. The others are
helpful but not priority. The key is to keep the lesions moist as dryness will lead to
itching and scratching and the potential for infection, especially in the case of impetigo.
Hyperthyroidism
patients who have hyperthyroidism, the skin has a velvety appearance and is usually
warm to touch
Leukonychia
Leukonychia is a white discoloration appearing on nails. The most common cause is
injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
Cavernous hemangioma
cavernous hemangioma appears as a reddish blue, irregularly shaped, solid and
spongy mass of blood vessels. It may be present at birth, may enlarge during the first
10 to 15 months, and will not involute spontaneously.
Lichenification
