Medical Parasitology Exam1|
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers| Verified
3 characteristics of parasites - --gets food/resources from host organism
-net negative effect on hot
-live in/on the host
-3 characteristics of host - --having food or resources taken from them
-net negative effect on host
-has something living in/on it
-what is symbiosis? - -interaction between two different organisms
living in close physical association
-3 types of interspecific relationships - -mutualism +/+
commensalism +/0
parasitism +/-
-how do we know how to classify a symbiotic relationship? - -see what
type of interaction is happening between the two.
-define pathogen - -infectious agent that causes a diseased state,
multiplies/develops in or on the host
-define disease - -pathological condition with a specific set of symptoms
-define virulence - -more virulence means more severe/likely to cause
disease and higher mortality, as well as decreased fitness.
-infectious disease virulence - -increased severity and mortality
-evolutionary virulence - -decreased fitness, if genes are never passed
on
-how long does a parasite coexist with its host? - -as long as it needs to.
-micropredators - -attacking like a predator would, but they are not
taking much.
-ectoparasites vs endoparasites - -ectoparasites live outside host (head
lice, ticks, etc), while endoparasites live inside host (heartworms, etc)
-macroparasites vs microparasites - -macroparasites can be counted,
referred to as an infestation. microparasites can't be counted, referred
to as infection.
, -obligate vs facultative parasites - -obligate require host for at least
part of life cycle (tapeworms, parasitic mussels, etc) while facultative
parasites may resort to parasitic activity, but do not rely on it (free living
eukaryote that can cross blood/brain barrier)
-opportunistic parasite - -typically don't cause disease but can if host is
immunocompromised
-castrators vs body snatchers - -castrators prevent reproduction while
body snatchers take over control of host. may go together, but they
don't have to.
-define parasitoids - -parasites for part of life cycle, then kills host and
lives freeliving existence (ex: parasitoid wasp)
-hyperparasite - -a parasite of a parasite.. such as getting tapeworms
from fleas
-definitive vs intermediate host - -definitive is the host where sexual
reproduction occurs, while intermediate is a required host with no
sexual reproduction. both are required for completion of the parasites
life cycle, and one host may act as both in some cases.
-reservoir hosts - -a host species where a parasite population is
regulatorily maintained/normally sustained outside of humans
-paratenic (transport) hosts vs phoresy hosts - -paratenic hosts are
essentially taxi cabs that extend the parasites life cycle, physiological
dependence. (nematode in worm to be eaten by chicken)
phoresy hosts are "hitch hiking". there is no physiological dependence,
just using an organism to get from point A to point B. (botfly eggs and
mosquito)
-monoxenous vs heteroxenous - -single host (giardia) vs different hosts
(liver fluke in sheep and humans)
-2 characteristics of mechanical vector - --very uncommon
-no development/reproduction of pathogen in vector
ex: fly feeds on horse, carries pathogen via blood on its mouth
-3 characteristics of biological vector - --common
-also makes it a host
-development/reproduction
ex: mosquito/malaria
-the 3 domains of life - -bacteria
archaea
eukarya
-parasitic archaea - -only one known example
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers| Verified
3 characteristics of parasites - --gets food/resources from host organism
-net negative effect on hot
-live in/on the host
-3 characteristics of host - --having food or resources taken from them
-net negative effect on host
-has something living in/on it
-what is symbiosis? - -interaction between two different organisms
living in close physical association
-3 types of interspecific relationships - -mutualism +/+
commensalism +/0
parasitism +/-
-how do we know how to classify a symbiotic relationship? - -see what
type of interaction is happening between the two.
-define pathogen - -infectious agent that causes a diseased state,
multiplies/develops in or on the host
-define disease - -pathological condition with a specific set of symptoms
-define virulence - -more virulence means more severe/likely to cause
disease and higher mortality, as well as decreased fitness.
-infectious disease virulence - -increased severity and mortality
-evolutionary virulence - -decreased fitness, if genes are never passed
on
-how long does a parasite coexist with its host? - -as long as it needs to.
-micropredators - -attacking like a predator would, but they are not
taking much.
-ectoparasites vs endoparasites - -ectoparasites live outside host (head
lice, ticks, etc), while endoparasites live inside host (heartworms, etc)
-macroparasites vs microparasites - -macroparasites can be counted,
referred to as an infestation. microparasites can't be counted, referred
to as infection.
, -obligate vs facultative parasites - -obligate require host for at least
part of life cycle (tapeworms, parasitic mussels, etc) while facultative
parasites may resort to parasitic activity, but do not rely on it (free living
eukaryote that can cross blood/brain barrier)
-opportunistic parasite - -typically don't cause disease but can if host is
immunocompromised
-castrators vs body snatchers - -castrators prevent reproduction while
body snatchers take over control of host. may go together, but they
don't have to.
-define parasitoids - -parasites for part of life cycle, then kills host and
lives freeliving existence (ex: parasitoid wasp)
-hyperparasite - -a parasite of a parasite.. such as getting tapeworms
from fleas
-definitive vs intermediate host - -definitive is the host where sexual
reproduction occurs, while intermediate is a required host with no
sexual reproduction. both are required for completion of the parasites
life cycle, and one host may act as both in some cases.
-reservoir hosts - -a host species where a parasite population is
regulatorily maintained/normally sustained outside of humans
-paratenic (transport) hosts vs phoresy hosts - -paratenic hosts are
essentially taxi cabs that extend the parasites life cycle, physiological
dependence. (nematode in worm to be eaten by chicken)
phoresy hosts are "hitch hiking". there is no physiological dependence,
just using an organism to get from point A to point B. (botfly eggs and
mosquito)
-monoxenous vs heteroxenous - -single host (giardia) vs different hosts
(liver fluke in sheep and humans)
-2 characteristics of mechanical vector - --very uncommon
-no development/reproduction of pathogen in vector
ex: fly feeds on horse, carries pathogen via blood on its mouth
-3 characteristics of biological vector - --common
-also makes it a host
-development/reproduction
ex: mosquito/malaria
-the 3 domains of life - -bacteria
archaea
eukarya
-parasitic archaea - -only one known example
