NRS 410V Week 1 Assignment: Quiz (Assess your Knowledge of Foundational Concepts)
1. Question: Backward effects of left-sided heart failure include:
CORRECT ANSWER
A) Pulmonary congestion
Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle flows through the right and left pulmonary
arteries
to the right and left lung. After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging
as
capillaries which surround the alveoli and release the carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen.
The capillaries unite gradually and assume the characteristics of veins. These veins join to
form the pulmonary veins, which return the oxygenated blood to the left atrium. Backflow of
blood through the left atrium result in left-sided heart failure.
2. Question: Oxygen saturation is likely to be lowest when an asthmatic with a diagnosis of
pneumonia is positioned:
CORRECT ANSWER
C) Lying on the right side
Ventilation and perfusion distribute to the dependent lung fields. In a patient with pneumonia
in
the right lung, positioning with the right lung down would send more blood flow to the
consolidated, nonventilated areas of the lung and produce a worse V/Q mismatch, which
would decrease oxygen diffusion into the blood and produce a lower arterial oxygen
saturation
3. Question: Which of the following is true of the biological functions of progesterone?
CORRECT ANSWER
A) Progesterone is the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.
RATIONALE
Progesterone is the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.
4. Question: Ausculation of the chest reveals bilateral fine crackles in the bases bilaterally,
indicating:
, CORRECT ANSWER
B) Left-sided heart failure
This occurs because valve dysfunction creates abnormally high pressures in the cardiac
chambers and in the pulmonary capillary bed. Isolated right-sided heart failure would not
cause pulmonary congestion; it would present as edema in the systemic circulation.
5. Question: In performing a physical assessment, the nurse notes the patient has a
“barrel― configuration to the chest. This is a consequence of:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Increased residual lung volume
Emphysema typically produces a barrel –shaped chest with an increased anterior-posterior
dimension. This is a result of loss of lung parenchyma resulting in reduced elastic recoil and
increased residual volume and functional residual capacity.
6. Question: The diet of a patient in end-stage kidney disease is restricted in all of the
following except:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Calories
Individuals with end-stage renal failure have a low GFR that makes it difficult to rid the body
of
fluids, potassium and nitrogenous waste products, therefore these substances may be
restricted. Nitrogenous wastes are produced by metabolism of proteins. Caloric needs are not
reduced as a result of renal failure.
7. Question: Common manifestations of bacterial pneumonia include all of the following
except:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation occurs with obstructive disorders such as emphysema and asthma, but not
with
pneumonia, which is an alveolar consolidation and atelectatic problem. Productive cough and
fever are commonly associated with pneumonia. Tachypnea is a response to decreased tidal
volume or hypoxemia and can occur with pneumonia.
1. Question: Backward effects of left-sided heart failure include:
CORRECT ANSWER
A) Pulmonary congestion
Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle flows through the right and left pulmonary
arteries
to the right and left lung. After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging
as
capillaries which surround the alveoli and release the carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen.
The capillaries unite gradually and assume the characteristics of veins. These veins join to
form the pulmonary veins, which return the oxygenated blood to the left atrium. Backflow of
blood through the left atrium result in left-sided heart failure.
2. Question: Oxygen saturation is likely to be lowest when an asthmatic with a diagnosis of
pneumonia is positioned:
CORRECT ANSWER
C) Lying on the right side
Ventilation and perfusion distribute to the dependent lung fields. In a patient with pneumonia
in
the right lung, positioning with the right lung down would send more blood flow to the
consolidated, nonventilated areas of the lung and produce a worse V/Q mismatch, which
would decrease oxygen diffusion into the blood and produce a lower arterial oxygen
saturation
3. Question: Which of the following is true of the biological functions of progesterone?
CORRECT ANSWER
A) Progesterone is the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.
RATIONALE
Progesterone is the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.
4. Question: Ausculation of the chest reveals bilateral fine crackles in the bases bilaterally,
indicating:
, CORRECT ANSWER
B) Left-sided heart failure
This occurs because valve dysfunction creates abnormally high pressures in the cardiac
chambers and in the pulmonary capillary bed. Isolated right-sided heart failure would not
cause pulmonary congestion; it would present as edema in the systemic circulation.
5. Question: In performing a physical assessment, the nurse notes the patient has a
“barrel― configuration to the chest. This is a consequence of:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Increased residual lung volume
Emphysema typically produces a barrel –shaped chest with an increased anterior-posterior
dimension. This is a result of loss of lung parenchyma resulting in reduced elastic recoil and
increased residual volume and functional residual capacity.
6. Question: The diet of a patient in end-stage kidney disease is restricted in all of the
following except:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Calories
Individuals with end-stage renal failure have a low GFR that makes it difficult to rid the body
of
fluids, potassium and nitrogenous waste products, therefore these substances may be
restricted. Nitrogenous wastes are produced by metabolism of proteins. Caloric needs are not
reduced as a result of renal failure.
7. Question: Common manifestations of bacterial pneumonia include all of the following
except:
CORRECT ANSWER
D) Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation occurs with obstructive disorders such as emphysema and asthma, but not
with
pneumonia, which is an alveolar consolidation and atelectatic problem. Productive cough and
fever are commonly associated with pneumonia. Tachypnea is a response to decreased tidal
volume or hypoxemia and can occur with pneumonia.
