CMAN 380 Exam 1 Study Guide new version with complete solution

CMAN 380 Exam 1 Study Guide new version with complete solution community health nursing -synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations -general and comprehensive, not limited to an age/diagnosis -continuing, not episodic public health nursing The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences What are the goals for community/public health? -care for clients in non hospital settings -support of development and well-being throughout life cycle -promotion of interpersonal relationships and mutual caring, self-responsibility regarding health, and relative safety in the environment while conserving resources -reduction of health disparities what is an aggregate? group of people with a common trait defined by a nurse what is a community? when people of the aggregate form a connection or bond examples of community health nurse jobs? home health, community mental health, correctional, hospice, occupation health, school health, state/local health departments direct care involved face-to-face management and coordination of care indirect care does NOT involve interpersonal relationships with all persons who benefit from care four principles that guide community practice ethical consideration, advocacy, epidemiology, community based health education coalition building Developing linkages political action used of power to influence decisions policy development places health issues and plans of action on decision makers' agenda medical model -focuses on disease -medical treatment -services by health providers public health model -focus on prevention and quality of life -broader focus -medical, social, personal and other factors 6 determinants of health 1. Access to care 2. Biological/genetics 3. Beliefs & lifestyle behaviors 4. Economic and social 5. Political and cultural 6. Environmental primary prevention focus on prevention of disease or illness secondary prevention treating the disease, early intervention, screenings, health maintenance, case-finding tertiary prevention rehabilitation, leading to recovery principles of public health nursing The client is the population Primary obligation is greatest good for population as a whole Working with the population as an equal partner Primary prevention is the priority Creates healthy environments (physical, social, and economic) in which populations may thrive Obligation to actively find and reach out to all who can benefit from a service or activity Optimal resource utilization for overall population health improvement Collaboration with individual and aggregate stakeholders Equal partnerships are not present in hospital because someone is the patient home visit purposeful interaction provided to individuals and families in their place of residence to promote, maintain, and restore health or maximize the level of independence while minimizing the effects of disability and illness advantages of home visits -Individualized care -Patients preference -Can reduce overall costs -Family focused -Assessment and collecting information is multidimensional disadvantages of home visits -Less efficient (travel time) -Distractions techniques for interviewing -Ask broad and open questions -Active listening -Reflective statements -Be present -Genuineness -Empathy -Positive regard contracting definitions -shared partnership with active client participation in addressing health -collaboration between the nurse and the client/family -agreement between clients and nurse regarding the mutual identification of needs, the development of a plan, the division of responsibilities and the method of evaluation and possible renegotiation advantages of a contract -Framework for the relationship -keeps client goal directed -establishes clear responsibilities -helps client become independent elements of contract -Purpose of nurse-client relationship -roles of client and nurse -responsibility of client and nurse -expectations -meeting time and confidentiality health belief model -used to understand the reason people failed to adopt prevention strategies or screening tests for early detection of disease -perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers referral process -process of direction persons to a resources to meet needs -establish criteria for referral -assess client receptivity -assist in referral process -help overcome barriers -evaluate effectiveness of referral federal government -legislation, revenue -responsibility for protecting the health of its population -ensure all levels of government have capabilities to provide essential public health services -regulation and interpretation of health law -administer services mandated by law -supervision of compliance with health laws -act when health threats may span more than one state/region/nation legislation