INST 335 EXAM 2 Questions And Correct Answers, 100%

INST 335 EXAM 2 Questions And Correct Answers, 100% ethics code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong ethical dilemma situation in which all alternative choices or behaviors have potentially negative consequences utilitarian approach moral behavior produces the greatest good for the greatest number individualism approach actions are ethical when they promote the individual's best long-term interests because with everyone pursuing self-interest, the greater good is ultimately served moral-rights approach ethical decisions are those that best maintain the fundamental rights of the people affected by them justice approach ethical decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality distributive justice different treatment of individuals not be based on arbitrary characteristics procedural justice rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced compensatory justice individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible, and individuals should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no control practical approach sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just, and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account preconventional follows rules to avoid punishment. acts in own interest, obedience for its own sake conventional lives up to expectations of others. fulfills duties and obligations of social systems. upholds laws postconventional follows self-chosen principles of justice and right. aware that people hold different values and seeks creative solutions to ethical dilemmas. balances concern for individual with concern for common good corporate social responsibility (CSR) management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society, not just the organizations stakeholder any group or person within or outside the organization that has some type of investment or interest in the organization's performance and is affected by the organization's actions (employees, customers, shareholders, etc) stakeholder mapping provides a systematic way to identify the expectations, needs, importance, and relative power of various stakeholders sustainability economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current population while preserving society and the environment for the needs of future generations triple bottom line companies that embrace sustainability measure performance in terms of financial performance, social performance, and environmental performance profit-maximizing view when companies only use the economic criteria as their only measure of responsibility discretionary responsibility purely voluntary and is guided by the organization's desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, laws, or ethics organizational virtiousnes an organization pursues a positive human impact, moral goodness, and unconditional society betterment code of ethics formal statement of a company's values concerning ethics and social issues; communicates to the employees what the company stands for ethics committee group of executives appointed to oversee company ethics chief ethics officer oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance, including establishing and broadly communicating standards, ethics training, dealing with exceptions or problems, and advising senior managers in the ethical and compliance aspects of decisions whistle-blowing employee disclosure of illegal, unethical, or illegitimate practices on the employer's part globalization the extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries global mindset the ability of managers to appreciate and influence individuals, groups, organizations, and systems that represent different social, cultural, political, institutional, intellectual, and psychological characteristics bottom of the pyramid (BOP) concept corporations can alleviate poverty and other social ills, as well as make significant profits, by selling to the world's poorest people global outsourcing offshoring, means engaging in the international division of labor so as to obtain the cheapest sources of labor and supplies, regardless of country market entry strategies various tactics that managers use to enter foreign markets exporting market-entry strategy in which a company maintains production facilities within its home country and transfers products for sale in foreign countries licensing company in one country makes certain resources available to companies in other countries to participate in the production and sale of its products abroad franchising form of licensing in which a company provides its foreign franchisees with a complete package of materials and services direct investing market-entry strategy in which the organization is directly involved in managing its production facilities in a foreign country greenfield venture alternatives for direct investing include engaging in joint ventures, acquiring foreign affiliates and initiating this- the company builds a subsidiary from scratch in a foreign country joint venture an organization shares costs and risks with another firm in a foreign country to build a facility, develop new products, or set up a sales and distribution network wholly owned foreign affiliate foreign subsidiary over which an organization has complete control international management managing business operations in more than one country infrastructure country's physical facilities, such as highways, utilities, and airports, that support economic activities political risk a company's risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or actions by host governments political instability events such as riots, revolutions, or government upheavals that can affect the operations of an international company ethnocentrism natural tendency among people to regard their own culture as superior to others power distance degree to which people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and people uncertainty avoidance characterized by people's intolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity and resulting support for beliefs that promise certainty and conformity individualism preference for a loosely knit social framework in which individuals are expected to take care of themselves collectivism