GENREGULATIE
, Inhoud
1. AS1 stof moleculaire biologie .............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 DNA structuur (175-179) ............................................................................................................... 3
1.2 DNA packaging (187-193) .............................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Regulatie van chromatine structuur (194-204) ............................................................................. 5
1.4 DNA replicatie (239-256 en 261-262) ............................................................................................ 7
1.5 Transcriptie (301-315) ................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 RNA processing (315-324) ............................................................................................................. 9
1.7 Translatie (333-350) ...................................................................................................................... 9
2. DNA structuur, LAC operon, DNA bindingsmotieven ........................................................................ 11
2.1 DNA structuur .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 LAC operon .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 DNA bindingsmotieven................................................................................................................ 13
3. Transcriptionele controle: Trp Operon.............................................................................................. 15
3.1 Tryptophan (Trp) operon (transcriptionele controle prokaryoot) .............................................. 15
3.2 Transcriptionele controle eukaryoot........................................................................................... 17
4. Genregulatoren ................................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 Eukaryoot gene control region .................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Transcriptionele repressors ......................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Transcriptie regulatoren .............................................................................................................. 20
4.4 Technieken .................................................................................................................................. 21
5. Cel specialisatie ................................................................................................................................. 24
5.1 DNA rearrangementen (herschikking)......................................................................................... 24
5.2 Bacteriofaag lambda en feedback loops ..................................................................................... 25
5.3 Combinatorial control en cell memory ....................................................................................... 27
6. Imprinting, mRNA processing en UTR ............................................................................................... 28
6.1 Imprinting .................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2 RNA processing ............................................................................................................................ 29
6.3 RNA-transport/localization signals .............................................................................................. 30
7. Translationele controle en mRNA afbraak ........................................................................................ 32
7.1 UTR/UAS ...................................................................................................................................... 32
7.2 Translationele controle ............................................................................................................... 33
7.3 mRNA afbraak.............................................................................................................................. 34
Deel 8 – RNA interference ..................................................................................................................... 35
9. Post-translationele modificatie ......................................................................................................... 39
9.1 Controle eiwit activiteit (stap 6 visgraatmodel) .......................................................................... 39
1
, 9.2 Eiwit-trafficking ........................................................................................................................... 39
9.3 Post translationele modificatie (Protein cleavage (insuline) en chemical modification) ............ 40
10. CpG islands, X-inactivatie ................................................................................................................ 43
10.1 Methylatie ................................................................................................................................. 43
10.2 CpG islands ................................................................................................................................ 43
10.3 X-chromosoom in activatie ....................................................................................................... 44
11. Gastcollege Oncogenetica ............................................................................................................... 45
2
, 1. AS1 stof moleculaire biologie
1.1 DNA structuur (175-179)
Nucleoside: base + suiker
Nucleotide: base + suiker + fosfaat
DNA en RNA hebben een verschillende suikergroep.
Purines: A+G
Pyrimidine: C+T
Stikstofbasen worden verbonden door waterstofbruggen.
C en G 3 H-bruggen
A en T 2 H-bruggen
DNA basen worden altijd genoteerd in de 5’→ 3’ richting
Prokaryoot Eukaryoot
Circulair DNA Lineair DNA
Dubbelstrengs Dubbelstrengs
DNA vrij in de cel DNA in de kern
Geen histonen Histonen + non-histon chromosomale eiwitten
3
, Inhoud
1. AS1 stof moleculaire biologie .............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 DNA structuur (175-179) ............................................................................................................... 3
1.2 DNA packaging (187-193) .............................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Regulatie van chromatine structuur (194-204) ............................................................................. 5
1.4 DNA replicatie (239-256 en 261-262) ............................................................................................ 7
1.5 Transcriptie (301-315) ................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 RNA processing (315-324) ............................................................................................................. 9
1.7 Translatie (333-350) ...................................................................................................................... 9
2. DNA structuur, LAC operon, DNA bindingsmotieven ........................................................................ 11
2.1 DNA structuur .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 LAC operon .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 DNA bindingsmotieven................................................................................................................ 13
3. Transcriptionele controle: Trp Operon.............................................................................................. 15
3.1 Tryptophan (Trp) operon (transcriptionele controle prokaryoot) .............................................. 15
3.2 Transcriptionele controle eukaryoot........................................................................................... 17
4. Genregulatoren ................................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 Eukaryoot gene control region .................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Transcriptionele repressors ......................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Transcriptie regulatoren .............................................................................................................. 20
4.4 Technieken .................................................................................................................................. 21
5. Cel specialisatie ................................................................................................................................. 24
5.1 DNA rearrangementen (herschikking)......................................................................................... 24
5.2 Bacteriofaag lambda en feedback loops ..................................................................................... 25
5.3 Combinatorial control en cell memory ....................................................................................... 27
6. Imprinting, mRNA processing en UTR ............................................................................................... 28
6.1 Imprinting .................................................................................................................................... 28
6.2 RNA processing ............................................................................................................................ 29
6.3 RNA-transport/localization signals .............................................................................................. 30
7. Translationele controle en mRNA afbraak ........................................................................................ 32
7.1 UTR/UAS ...................................................................................................................................... 32
7.2 Translationele controle ............................................................................................................... 33
7.3 mRNA afbraak.............................................................................................................................. 34
Deel 8 – RNA interference ..................................................................................................................... 35
9. Post-translationele modificatie ......................................................................................................... 39
9.1 Controle eiwit activiteit (stap 6 visgraatmodel) .......................................................................... 39
1
, 9.2 Eiwit-trafficking ........................................................................................................................... 39
9.3 Post translationele modificatie (Protein cleavage (insuline) en chemical modification) ............ 40
10. CpG islands, X-inactivatie ................................................................................................................ 43
10.1 Methylatie ................................................................................................................................. 43
10.2 CpG islands ................................................................................................................................ 43
10.3 X-chromosoom in activatie ....................................................................................................... 44
11. Gastcollege Oncogenetica ............................................................................................................... 45
2
, 1. AS1 stof moleculaire biologie
1.1 DNA structuur (175-179)
Nucleoside: base + suiker
Nucleotide: base + suiker + fosfaat
DNA en RNA hebben een verschillende suikergroep.
Purines: A+G
Pyrimidine: C+T
Stikstofbasen worden verbonden door waterstofbruggen.
C en G 3 H-bruggen
A en T 2 H-bruggen
DNA basen worden altijd genoteerd in de 5’→ 3’ richting
Prokaryoot Eukaryoot
Circulair DNA Lineair DNA
Dubbelstrengs Dubbelstrengs
DNA vrij in de cel DNA in de kern
Geen histonen Histonen + non-histon chromosomale eiwitten
3
