Portage Learning- BIOD 151 Exam 1
Questions & Answers 2024 A+
What are the six levels of organization in the body?
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and
organism
The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our
external environment is provided by what system?
Integumentary system
The function of movement is provided by what system?
Muscular system
The function of responsiveness is provided by what system?
Nervous system
The function of digestion is provided by what system?
Digestive system
What is anabolism?
The building of muscle from obtained proteins and nutrients
What is catabolism?
The process of breaking down molecules to form simpler ones for energy
Excretion involves what system?
Urinary system
The reproductive system is controlled by what other system?
The endocrine system
Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body?
Epithelial tissue
What are the three steps in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
What is the purpose of ATP?
ATP is a form of energy
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions?
Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous
Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction?
Superficial
Away from the body is what direction?
Deep
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what orientation?
Intermediate
Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction?
Medial
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is
what direction?
Inferior/Caudal
, Toward the head end or upper part of a structure is what direction?
Superior
Toward or at the front of the body is what direction?
Ventral
Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?
Distal
Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand?
Proximal
Toward or at the back of the body is what direction?
Dorsal/Posterior
Closing of a joint is which action?
Flexion
Opening of a joint is which action?
Extension
In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination?
Supination
Why are the hands supine in the anatomical position?
Because there are two bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna which cross over one
another but when they are supine, the bones are independent of one another
Define elevation
The upward movement of a structure
Define depression
The downward movement of a structure
Define retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Define protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk
Axial division
This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal plane and Horizontal plane
A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts
Superior and inferior portions
These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical
planes
Diagonal cuts
This body cavity protects the nervous system
Dorsal body cavity
This body cavity encases the brain
Cranial cavity
This cavity encloses the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
The frontal plane is also known as the what plane?
Coronal plane
Questions & Answers 2024 A+
What are the six levels of organization in the body?
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and
organism
The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our
external environment is provided by what system?
Integumentary system
The function of movement is provided by what system?
Muscular system
The function of responsiveness is provided by what system?
Nervous system
The function of digestion is provided by what system?
Digestive system
What is anabolism?
The building of muscle from obtained proteins and nutrients
What is catabolism?
The process of breaking down molecules to form simpler ones for energy
Excretion involves what system?
Urinary system
The reproductive system is controlled by what other system?
The endocrine system
Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body?
Epithelial tissue
What are the three steps in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
What is the purpose of ATP?
ATP is a form of energy
Epithelial cells perform what types of functions?
Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration
What are the four basic tissue types?
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous
Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction?
Superficial
Away from the body is what direction?
Deep
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what orientation?
Intermediate
Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction?
Medial
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is
what direction?
Inferior/Caudal
, Toward the head end or upper part of a structure is what direction?
Superior
Toward or at the front of the body is what direction?
Ventral
Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis?
Distal
Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand?
Proximal
Toward or at the back of the body is what direction?
Dorsal/Posterior
Closing of a joint is which action?
Flexion
Opening of a joint is which action?
Extension
In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination?
Supination
Why are the hands supine in the anatomical position?
Because there are two bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna which cross over one
another but when they are supine, the bones are independent of one another
Define elevation
The upward movement of a structure
Define depression
The downward movement of a structure
Define retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Define protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk
Axial division
This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Sagittal plane
These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal plane and Horizontal plane
A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts
Superior and inferior portions
These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical
planes
Diagonal cuts
This body cavity protects the nervous system
Dorsal body cavity
This body cavity encases the brain
Cranial cavity
This cavity encloses the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
The frontal plane is also known as the what plane?
Coronal plane
