HSC4504 Final Exam Practice Test Questions and Correct Answers, 248 Q&A. With Complete Solution 2024.

HSC4504 Final Exam Practice Test Questions and Correct Answers, 248 Q&A. With Complete Solution 2024. An example of innate immunity is NK cells Which of the following correctly describe innate immunity Is always present in healthy individuals The body produces its own antibodies with which form of immunity Active immunity Infection by a respiratory virus produces Active immunity MALT is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ True Both positive and negative selection can occur in the lymph nodes False The functioning of the thymus is better in Healthy 18 year old male Which of the following statements is FALSE about lymph nodes Lymph nodes participate in positive selection An individual can live a normal life without functional bone marrow False An example of a professional antigen presenting cell is Dendritic cell Which of the following statements regarding complement is TRUE a) Complement is present in serum in the inactive form. b) Complement is sequentially activated. c) Complement is essential to proper functioning of the immune system and promoting inflammation (All of the above) The classical pathway is part of the innate immune response and can be activated directly by microorganisms False Which of the following complement pathways is part of the innate immune system and can be directly activated by microorganisms Alternative C3a and C5a can produce anaphylactic reactions True The formation of the complement membrane attack complex (small round bubbles on surface of bacteria) kills the cell by creating pores in the cell membrane Inflammation is an accessory to the immune system that exhibits specificity False Giant cells may be produced during chronic inflammation True An inflammed area described as calor is hot to the touch Which of the following statements is FALSE about antibodies Antibodies are active against intracellular pathogens Similarities of T cell receptors and B cell receptors include Great diversity of the receptors Mature B cells that are stimulated by transform into cells that produce antigens, plasma, antibodies Antigen binding is the primary function of antibodies True Isotype switching is the production of a different heavy chain class by B cells during differentiation True Fab regions of antibodies bind Antigen Which antibody class is found in body secretions such as saliva IgA What neutralizing antibody class rises in the secondary immune response and can remain elevated for life IgG Which class of antibodies is secreted in the structural form of a pentamer IgM Isotype switching is usually IgG to IgM False Protein antigens are more likely to elicit a T cell response than lipid antigens True An epitope must be bound to a MHC molecule to be recognized by a T cell receptor True Lipids are T independent antigens True Superantigens can produce mass activation of Tcells True Polysaccharides are examples of Tdependent antigens False Most regulatory T cells are CD4+ Nucleated cells present peptides derived from proteins on MHC Class I molecules Intracellular cells assist the immune response against helminth infections Th2 Which of the following statements about cytokines is FALSE Cytokines have low affinity and are potent only at high concentrations Which of the following statements about cytokines are TRUE Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins. Cytokines are important in nearly all biologic processes, such as cell growth, inflammation, and tissue repair. Cytokines have multiple functions. Cytokines are mediators of both adaptive and innate immunity. (All of the above) Complement deficiency may result in both increased susceptibility to infections and the development of autoimmunity True Repeated activation of mature T cells by self antigens may cause apoptosis in the self reactive T cells True IgE antibodies are involved in which type of hypersensitivity reaction Type I Immediate hypersensitivity reactions develop as a consequence of the activation of what cells TH2 Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve IgG This primary immunodeficiency is characterized by the impaired production of major histocompatability complex molecules. Patients with this disease have compromised antigen presentation and few functional CD4+ T cells due to impaired antigen recognition. What disease am I? Bare lymphocyte syndrome This type of primary immunodeficiency is rare except when consanguinity is involved. Patients with this disease have decreased activity of an enzyme that helps cells remove toxic byproducts of metabolism from cells, resulting in the death of immune cells. What disease am I? ADA deficiency This primary immunodeficiency is extremely rare in the population, with less than 200 cases reported. Patients with this disease have impaired lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils that do not allow these cells to travel to the site of an infection, and consequently many patients succumb to infections before the age of 2. What disease am I? LAD I Immune complexes floating free in the blood are an example of Type 3 hypersensitivity False Delayed typed hypersensitivity is a what reaction Type IV Which form(s) of donor organ rejection are mediated by antibodies Hyperacute Direct antigen recognition is responsible for acute organ rejection True Which of the following is TRUE about innate immunity Innate immunity employs phagocytes and natural killer cells to generate a response Innate immunity has a stronger secondary response than a primary response to an antigen False A chicken pox immunization is used to produce Active immunity An influenza immunization produces Active Immunity Immune responses normally occur in primary lymphoid organs False As a person ages, the thymus decreases in size and functional ability True Lymph nodes are the site of lymph production False T cells mature in the bone marrow False Why are neutrophils considered our first line of defense against infection a) Neutrophils have short lived, but are quick to action. b) Neutrophils promote acute inflammation. c) Neutrophils are the most common leukocyte. (All of the above) IgM and/or IgG antibodies are required for the activation of the classical pathway True Antibodies are required for the activation of the alternative and lectin pathways False Which complement fragments are anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a Inflammation is an innate nonspecific reaction that helps the immune response True Chronic inflammation may produce granulomas True Dolor is a Latin word meaning Pain What region of the antibody allows some flexibility in the molecule Hinge region B cells are stimulated by what to produce antibodies CD4+ cells Isotype switching is the production of a different heavy chain class by B cells during differentiation True Idiotypes are differences in the Fab region of antibodies True Which antibody class increases during allergic reactions IgE IgG levels are higher than IgM levels during an initial infection with a pathogen False The increase in the strength of the antigen binding capability of an antibody after repeated antigen exposure is known as Affinity maturation The portion of an antigen recognized by an antibody is the Epitope T independent antigens produce isotype switching and affinity maturation than T dependent antigens less, less Superantigens can produce mass activation of T cells True Without T cell assistance, protein antigens elicit weak or no antibody response True CD4+ cells bind to MHC Class I In the medical setting, incompatible MHC proteins between donor and recipient primarily lead to an immune response and transplant rejection True what cells limit the injurious activities of macrophage activation TH2 Cytokines are composed of lipids False Molecular mimicry means that microbial antigens that are similar to self antigens may cause cross reactivity True Hypersensitivity diseases are classified according to the mechanism of tissue injury True Pollen can quickly cause an immune response when the body produces IgE antibodies to these pollen antigens. What type of hypersensitivity reaction does this describe Type I Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of immediate hypersensitivity True This primary immunodeficiency is a multi system disease, characterized by gait abnormalities and vascular malformations. Patients with this disease have defective isotype switching and dysregulated cell cycles. What disease am I? Ataxia telangiectasia Which of the following treatment options for primary immunodeficiency was halted in the United States? gene therapy Arthritis is a disease that involves loss of function and pain in joints. This can be caused by the deposition of immune complexes in joints. What type of hypersensitivity reaction does this describe? Type III