Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank |
Term Definition
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) : (Definition) - The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Anabolic : (Definition) - Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
Archaea : (Definition) - A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme
environments.
Bacterial and archaeal cells : (Definition) - Both consist of a thin bilayer of lipid molecules penetrated by
proteins, with group-specific specializations in their cell envelope and a layer of peptidoglycan.
Carbon : (Definition) - One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
Carbon : (Definition) - Used in living organisms due to its ability to make four bonds, form double bonds,
and create more preferred geometries when bonding.
Cell dimensions : (Definition) - Limited on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules
necessary for function and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
Cell dimensions : (Definition) - Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
Centrifugation : (Definition) - A useful method for fractionating cellular organelles.
Chemoautotrophs : (Definition) - Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and CO2
as a carbon source.
Chemoheterotroph : (Definition) - An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) : (Definition) - The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank |
Term Definition
Dynamic steady state : (Definition) - A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Endosymbiotic association : (Definition) - Explaining the evolution of eukaryotic cells capable of carrying
out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism through the engulfing of an aerobic bacterium by a
eukaryotic cell.
Energy sources : (Definition) - Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source, and chemotrophs
can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
Enzymes : (Definition) - Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Eukaryotes : (Definition) - Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear
envelope.
Exothermic : (Definition) - A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Facultative anaerobe : (Definition) - An organism that does not require oxygen to live but will not die if
exposed to oxygen.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points and lower solubility in water, and
those with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points, lower solubility in water, and those
with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points, lower solubility in water, and those
with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Homologues : (Definition) - Genes or gene products that share detectable sequence similarity and
usually have the same function.
Term Definition
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) : (Definition) - The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Anabolic : (Definition) - Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
Archaea : (Definition) - A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme
environments.
Bacterial and archaeal cells : (Definition) - Both consist of a thin bilayer of lipid molecules penetrated by
proteins, with group-specific specializations in their cell envelope and a layer of peptidoglycan.
Carbon : (Definition) - One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
Carbon : (Definition) - Used in living organisms due to its ability to make four bonds, form double bonds,
and create more preferred geometries when bonding.
Cell dimensions : (Definition) - Limited on the lower end by the minimum number of biomolecules
necessary for function and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of solutes such as oxygen.
Cell dimensions : (Definition) - Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
Centrifugation : (Definition) - A useful method for fractionating cellular organelles.
Chemoautotrophs : (Definition) - Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and CO2
as a carbon source.
Chemoheterotroph : (Definition) - An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) : (Definition) - The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 7th Edition Nelson Test Bank |
Term Definition
Dynamic steady state : (Definition) - A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Endosymbiotic association : (Definition) - Explaining the evolution of eukaryotic cells capable of carrying
out photosynthesis and/or aerobic metabolism through the engulfing of an aerobic bacterium by a
eukaryotic cell.
Energy sources : (Definition) - Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source, and chemotrophs
can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
Enzymes : (Definition) - Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Eukaryotes : (Definition) - Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear
envelope.
Exothermic : (Definition) - A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Facultative anaerobe : (Definition) - An organism that does not require oxygen to live but will not die if
exposed to oxygen.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points and lower solubility in water, and
those with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points, lower solubility in water, and those
with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Fatty acids : (Definition) - Longer chains have higher melting points, lower solubility in water, and those
with more double bonds have higher melting points.
Homologues : (Definition) - Genes or gene products that share detectable sequence similarity and
usually have the same function.
