BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Study Guide Rated A+
1). Between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ?
Ans: Origin
2). What happens during reverse muscle action?
Ans: specific movements of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the
positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
3). What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?
Ans: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only
a small about of effort is needed to move the load
4). Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever
Ans: fulcrum
5). Agonist (prime movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles
Ans: contract, relax
6). What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called?
Ans: synergists
7). What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called?
Ans: Compartment
8). Origin an insertion of the masseter
Ans: Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
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, 9). What is the origin of the deltoid ?
Ans: acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
10). What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ?
Ans: semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
11). What 4 muscles make up the quads ?
Ans: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis
12). What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell
bodies?
Ans: Ganglia
13). The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles
Ans: skeletal
14). Fight or flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Ans: Sympathetic
15). What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential?
Ans: electrical excitability
16). What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found
in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons?
Ans: Multipolar
17). What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found
in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain?
Ans: Bipolar
18).
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, What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body?
Ans: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
19). The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater
Ans: astrocytes
20). What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of bbb
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Ans: Astrocytes
21). What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well
as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath?
Ans: Oligodendrocytes
22). What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes?
Ans: Microglial Cells
23). What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that
possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the
circulation of csf
Ans: Ependymal Cells
24). What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the pns?
Ans: Schwann and satellite cells
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1). Between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ?
Ans: Origin
2). What happens during reverse muscle action?
Ans: specific movements of the body the actions are reversed THEREFOR the
positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are switched
3). What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?
Ans: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only
a small about of effort is needed to move the load
4). Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever
Ans: fulcrum
5). Agonist (prime movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles
Ans: contract, relax
6). What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called?
Ans: synergists
7). What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called?
Ans: Compartment
8). Origin an insertion of the masseter
Ans: Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 23
, 9). What is the origin of the deltoid ?
Ans: acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
10). What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ?
Ans: semimebranosous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris
11). What 4 muscles make up the quads ?
Ans: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis
12). What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell
bodies?
Ans: Ganglia
13). The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles
Ans: skeletal
14). Fight or flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Ans: Sympathetic
15). What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential?
Ans: electrical excitability
16). What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found
in brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons?
Ans: Multipolar
17). What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found
in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain?
Ans: Bipolar
18).
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 23
, What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a
continuous process that emerges from the cell body?
Ans: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
19). The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater
Ans: astrocytes
20). What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of bbb
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
4. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
5. play a role in hearing and memory
Ans: Astrocytes
21). What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well
as are responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath?
Ans: Oligodendrocytes
22). What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like
projections as well as act as phagocytes?
Ans: Microglial Cells
23). What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that
possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the
circulation of csf
Ans: Ependymal Cells
24). What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the pns?
Ans: Schwann and satellite cells
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 23
