UPDATED Test Bank For Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat||

goals of psychology - answer observe and record facts in order to understand what is happening and to find and accurate description of human behaviour how did psychology gain recognition - answer Willhelm Wundt opened the first psychological lab to test theories and his lab were investigating: sensations, feelings, attention, perception, reacting time, and association difference between nativism and behaviourism? - answer nativism: already inscribed in your DNA behaviourism: experiences influences/shapes who you become facts about the brain - answer 3 pounds 2 hemispheres when stretched out flat its the size of a pillow case what is phrenology?(pseudoscience) - answer unreal science: poses as science but is not who developed phrenology and what did he believe? - answer developed by joseph franz gall (german physician) he believed that the brain has multiple specialized areas that correspond to different mental traits or abilities believed that the human skull reflects the brain, the shape and size of bumps reflects a person's personality fact about phrenology - answer biased head shape the doctrines of phrenology were racist, misogynistic , and downright dangerous. however gall started the conversation of character, thoughts, and emotions lie in specific areas of brain which led to an important advance toward neuropsychology. What is neuroplasticity? - answer brain stimulation, axon sprouting, denervation supersensitivity the more practice at changing our thought patterns, the stronger they become and can also occur when there has been damage in the brain what is brain stimulation? - answer brain stimulation: when an area that lies close to the damage area, or has a similar function on the opposite hemisphere is stimulated by practicing tasks that we use in that area specifically what is axon sprouting? - answer compensates for the lost connections and re- establishes a strong link when the link between the two neurons is severed by damage but when there are other neurons connected in the same way that sprout extra connections Test Bank For Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat||ISBN NO:10,9781337408202| what is denervation supersensitivity? - answer like axon sprouting like compensates for lost connections. but instead of establishing new connections, it activates neurons with the same functions (the functionality is increased) what are neurotransmitters? - answer chemicals that lives in the brain the neurotransmitters in the synapse act as the key, and this needs to match with the correct receptor in order for the message to be transmitted across the synapse *each neuron is connected to hundreds of others by thousands of synapses metaphors of excitations and inhibition - answer excitation:pressing the accelerator creates an excitatory potential causing the car to move inhibition: pressing the break creates an inhibitory potential, resulting in slowing down or stopping the car what is serotonin and dopamine? - answer serotonin: associated with happiness, focus, calmness, arousal, low levels are associated with depression and SSRI (antidepressants) dopamine: associated with rewards and motivation, high levels appear to increase activity within the neurons, which means the level of communication is also increased hormones and behaviour facts - answer found in the bodily fluids of an individual and involved in certain behaviours what is oxytocin? - answer are maintained by the pituitary gland -related to reproductive behaviour and maternal behaviour (nursing, caring, feeding) -oxytocin increased sociability and favourable perceptions of others what is a testosterone? - answer The main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production what is adrenaline? - answer the heightened state by the adrenal glands located on top of each kidney flight or fight responses high levels of testosterone and adrenaline have been found in a personality type called 'sensation seeking' also known as an adrenaline junkie Hormones vs. Neurotransmitters - answer hormones: major glands in body neurotransmitters: produced in brain (neurons makes this) what are some neurotransmitters? - answer -acetylcholine: peristalsis, cardiac contractions, blood pressure, glandular secretions, sends signals to empty bladder, to pomp, vomit -dopamine -seratonin Test Bank For Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat||ISBN NO:10,9781337408202| -GABA(gamma aminobutryic acid: facilitates sleep, feeling of sleepiness, too much=no motivation, drowsiness, major role in controlling anxiety, stress -glycine: major role in tissue and muscle repair what are major hormones?(glands) - answer -pituitary gland -pineal gland -thyroid gland -adrenal glands -transported by blood what is eros - answer represents passionate love(physical attraction and sensual satisfaction which is emotionally intense and intimate) what is ludas - answer love is practiced as a game or pleasant past-time mutual for mutual enjoyment. (likes the chase) what is storge? - answer a caring, concerned friendship based on similar interests (desires a long term relationship what is pragma? - answer a love that goes shopping for a suitable mate (only for it to work well and satisfy each others needs) what is mania? - answer a possessive, insecure love. fearful of being rejected. what is agape? - answer all giving, selfless, non demanding love. relies on partner's happiness to be happy. what does society think as attractive? - answer body symmetry and waist to hip ratio(especially for females) facial symmetry what is a courtship ritual? - answer a male strategy. allow males to display genetic potential through characteristics and resources abilities how does 'sizing up' help males find a mate? - answer a male strategy. they evolved to be bigger showing strength for success in competition against other males what is sperm competition? - answer a male strategy. natural selection, making them more competitive by producing larger testicles, bigger ejaculation and faster swimming sperm what is mate guarding? - answer a male strategy. guarding their partner because fear of being cuckolded (where another male get their partner pregnantgnant) and spending resources on raising another man's child