LATEST Medical Surgical Nursing 9th Edition Ignatavicius Test Bank.Latest Updated exam 2024/2025 questions and correct answers

What is hypermetropia? - correct answers long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer - correct answers what is myopia? - correct answers near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry -usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young children. conditions associated with myopia? - correct answers squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions. lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly glaucoma - IOC pressure. cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense. Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it What is astigmatism? - correct answers Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea refraction rather than focusing) Causes of astigmatism? - correct answers -Hereditary - corneal or lenticular -Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change. Some conditions of the eyelid others that affect cornea or lense What is presbyopia? - correct answers gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural part of aging 40-65yrs Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - correct answers S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae what is opthalmia neonatorum? - correct answers chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected birth canal affecting 20-40% What is Episcleritis ? - correct answers Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular network, most commonly diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals) -Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease) What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - correct answers type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC) perrenial - chronic (PAC) Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma gaint pappilary (GPC) Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC) What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - correct answers inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps. Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation what can cause a corneal abbration? - correct answers Direct trauma Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva Heat by contact UV radiation (Arc Eye) What can cause corneal ulcer? - correct answers can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries or prolonged use of contact lenses What are dendritic ulcers? - correct answers Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of corneal blindness. - aggressive treatment - Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - correct answers Pain Photophobia Blurred vision Tearing Redness - with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern, Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - correct answers - infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic dendritic ulcers) -neurotrophic keratopathy -stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear) what are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis - correct answers Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma: Redness Photophobia Blurred vision Increased lacrimation Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness. pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode. what are the symptoms of posterior Uveitis? - correct answers Blurred vision and floaters Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia) All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and optic nerve. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections. What are the findings of posterior Uveitis upon opthalmoscopy? - correct answers posterior uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white areas) Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases? - correct answers - Ankyolising spondilitis, -behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals), -IBS, -Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease), -seronegative arthropathy Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases? - correct answers HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella zoster Intermediate uventis (Cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease? - correct answers Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) - is linked which non-infectious diseases? - correct answers Behcets sydrome, lymphoma, sarcoidosis2 Posterior uventis (Retina, retinavvessels) and Panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid layer) - is linked which infectious diseases? - correct answers CMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB and varicella zoster Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis Workup for suspected uveitis? - correct answers CBC, ESR, Antinuclear antibody (ANA), Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) Lyme titer HLA testing for ankylosing spondylarthroses Chest radiography (to assess for sarcoidosis or tuberculosis) Urinalysis (for red blood cells or casts) Infectious workup (eg, HIV, toxoplasmosis), depending on the presentation What is a HYPOpyon - correct answers It is a leukocytic exudate, seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera