HCB TEST 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

HCB TEST 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 what is the purpose of the respiratory system? ventilate and oxygenate the remaining body systems and tissues airway passageway by which air enters and leaves the body. includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs alveolar ventilation the amount of air that reaches the alveoli artificial ventilation forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing (positive pressure ventilation) apnea no breathing bronchoconstriction contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow cellular respiration exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood cyanosis blush color of the skin due to insufficient oxygen levels in the blood diffusion process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration dyspnea difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath flail chest fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment flowmeter valve that indicated the flow of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body hypoxia deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body intercostal situated or extending between the ribs nasopharyngeal airway flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway oropharyngeal airway curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway paradoxical motion movement of ribs in flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity patent airway airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body pressure regulator device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce pressure, so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient pulmonary respiration exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries respiratory arrest when breathing stops completely respiratory distress increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath (doesn't need ventilation) respiratory failure reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient enough to support life (needs ventilation) retractions pulling in the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing upper airway air enters the body through the mouth and nose. posterior and inferior to the mouth and nasal passages, air enters the pharynx what are the three regions of the pharynx? oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx oropharynx where the oral cavity joins the pharynx nasopharynx where the nasal passages empty into the pharynx laryngopharynx structures surrounding the entrance to the trachea; point of division between the upper airway and the lower airway what is the entry point into the larynx called? glottis opening epiglottis large leaf-like structure that protects the glottis to prevent food and foreign objects from entering the trachea lower airway begins below the larynx and is composed of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the alveoli trachea tube protected by 16 sings of cartilage where does the trachea branch off into two mainstream bronchi? at the carina all air passages are supported by what and lined with what? cartilage and smooth muscles what does smooth muscle do? allows the bronchioles to change their diameter in response to specific stimulation the bronchi branch further into smaller and smaller air passages called what? bronchioles what are alveoli?