HCB 102 - BASIC HOSPITAL CORPSMAN SCOPE OF CARE UNIT 1 - INTRO TO PATIENT ASSESSMENT EXAM.

HCB 102 - BASIC HOSPITAL CORPSMAN SCOPE OF CARE UNIT 1 - INTRO TO PATIENT ASSESSMENT EXAM. Directed or effective against bacteria. Antibacterial Preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptic The condition of being aseptic. Asepsis Preventing infection. Aseptic Technique (Plural of bacterium) any of a domain of prokaryotic round, spiral, or rod shaped singel-celled microorganism that may lack cell walls or are gram-positive or gram-negative, typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals. Bacteria A specific causative agent (as a bacterium or virus) of disease located in the blood. Blood-born Pathogen An infectious disease communicable by contact with one who has it, with a bodily discharge of such a patient, or with an object touched by the patient. Contagious Disease (Communicable Disease) To soil, stain, or infect by contact or association. Contaminated Union or junction of body surfaces. Direct Contact To free from infection especially by destroying harmful microorganisms. Disinfectant/ Disinfection (Fungus), any of the kingdom Fungi of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic typically filamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rust, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts. Fungi What does HAI stand for? Healthcare Associated Infections HAIs are also known as ________. Nosocomial Infections HAIs, also known as a nosocomial infection; acquired or occurring in a hospital. Healthcare Associated Infections An infective agent or material contaminated with an infective agent. Infection A separation for the period of communicability of infected people or animals from others, so as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those who are infected to those who are susceptible. Isolation An organism of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size. Microorganism A group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed diagnosis or presumed infection status. Standard Precautions A disease producing microorganisms. Pathogen Microorganisms that are present in human blood, and can cause disease in humans (e.g., HIV hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B). Blood-borne Pathogens These microorganisms can be transmitted from __________ to ___________, provider to __________________, and ____________________ to patient. Patient, provider, patient, equipment Microorganisms that are transported through the air (e.g., Tuberculosis) Airborne Pathogens A sequence of circumstances where all events must occur to develop an infection. Chain of Infection Disease causing microorganism Infectious Agent (Pathogen) Name the common types of infectious agents. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminthes A place where the pathogen grows (e.g., patient, staff member, animal, food) and may or may not multiply Reservoir An exit route for pathogens to leave its host (e.g., blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract). Portal of Exit The manner in which an infectious agent moves from one source to another (e.g., touch, airborne droplets, medical instruments, mosquitoes, vermin) Mode of Transmission What does HAI stand for? Hospital Acquired Infection What is the most frequent source of HAIs? Contact What are the two types of contact? Direct and Indirect Contact Person to person or physical contact between source and susceptible host (e.g., fecal, oral) Direct Contact Involves contact with contaminated inanimate objects (e.g., needles, utensils, hospital equipment) Indirect Contact Occurs through a bite (e.g., fleas, ticks, mosquitoes) Vector Transmission Occurs when the droplets from an infected person are projected a short distance to the host's nasal mucosa, mouth or conjunctiva. Droplet Infection Occurs when infectious particles dispersed in the air enter the host by inhalation (e.g., coughing, sneezing) Airborne Transmission Place where a pathogen enters the body (e.g., break in skin, mucous membrane, mouth, nose, genitourinary tract) Portal of Entry The most effective barrier to infection is _______________. Intact Skin Once the barrier is broken, the ____________________________ can enter the body. Infecting Microorganism Any portal of exit can also be a _____________________. Portal of Entry A person who becomes ill after pathogens enter the body because they cannot fight off the pathogen. Susceptible Host A __________ host may be a susceptible host by virtue of age, weak state of health, or broken skin. Human How many parts are there in the Chain of Infection? 6 Chain of Infection Diagram Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host What is the single most effective method of preventing the spread of disease causing microorganisms? Hand Washing Aids in the removal of organisms. Soap or Detergent Kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms. Antibacterial How much soap should you apply when washing hands? 3-5 mL __________________ is best because bar soap and soap dishes are considered contaminated. Liquid Soap Approximately, how long should you wash your hands? 15 seconds - 2 minutes __________________ should be used before and after each patient. Hand Sanitizers When should a sterile gown be worn? If it is indicated for a sterile procedure How many individuals are required to don a sterile gown? 2 individuals The gown is applied after applying ______________, ______________, and ____________________. Surgical cap, Mask, Shoe Covers What does PPE stand for? Personal Protective Equipment Airborne Precautions Equipment Exam Mask, N95 um micrometer What happens when the dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei (small-particle residue {5 um or smaller in size} of evaporated droplets that may remain suspended in the air for long periods of time) or dust particles containing the infectious agent? Airborne Transmission occurs Contact Precautions Equipment Exam gloves and Isolation Gown Designed to reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents. Airborne Precautions Design to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms my direct or in direct contact. Contact Precautions Designed to reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents. Droplet Precautions Droplet Precautions Equipment Gown, Mask, Protective Eyewear, Surgical Cap, Shoe Covers, Gloves Refers to practices/procedures that assist in reducing the risk of infection. Aseptic Technique How many types of aseptic techniques are there? 2 What are the 2 types of aseptic techniques? Medical Asepsis and Surgical Asepsis Involves procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. Medical Asepsis (Clean Technique) Hand hygiene, using clean gloves, and cleaning the environment routinely are examples of _____________________. Medical Asepsis Includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including pathogens and spores, from an object or area. It also prevents contamination of an open wound, isolates the operative area, and maintains a sterile field for surgery. Surgical Asepsis (Sterile Technique) What are the 4 rules of surgical asepsis? 1. Know what is sterile 2. Know what is not sterile 3. Separate sterile from unsterile 4. Remedy contamination immediately Sterile touching sterile is ______________. Sterile Sterile touching clean is _______________. Contaminated A ___________________ margin around the edge of the field is considered contaminated. One inch Every occurrence of being exposed to a patient's body fluid is to be handled as exposure to _____________________. Blood-borne Pathogens What does MTF stand for? Medical Treatment Facility Signs necessary to life, temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, and blood pressure, used to evaluate a patient's condition.