Medical Surgical Nursing Study Guide Graded A+
1). What is hypermetropia?
Ans: long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and
therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer
3). What is myopia?
Ans: near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young
children.
4). Conditions associated with myopia?
Ans: squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it
5). What is astigmatism?
Ans: Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea refraction rather than
focusing)
6). Causes of astigmatism?
Ans: -Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
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, 7). What is presbyopia?
Ans: gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural part of
aging 40-65yrs
8). Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Ans: S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
9). What is opthalmia neonatorum?
Ans: chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
10). What is episcleritis ?
Ans: Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular network, most commonly
diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)
11). What are the classification of allergic conjunctivitis?
Ans: type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
12). What is gaint pappilary allergica conjunctivitis
Ans: inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps. Known as papillae,
these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation
13). What can cause a corneal abbration?
Ans: Direct trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
14). What can cause corneal ulcer?
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, Ans: can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries or prolonged use of
contact lenses
15). What are dendritic ulcers?
Ans: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of corneal
blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
16). Symptoms of dendritic ulcers?
Ans: Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,
17). Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy?
Ans: - infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)
18). What are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis
Ans: Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
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, 19). What are the symptoms of posterior uveitis?
Ans: Blurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and
optic nerve. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
20). What are the findings of posterior uveitis upon opthalmoscopy?
Ans: posterior uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white areas)
21). Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases?
Ans: -Ankyolising spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
22). Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases?
Ans: HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella zoster
23). Intermediate uventis (cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease?
Ans: Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
24). Posterior uventis (retina, retinavvessels) and panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid
layer) - is linked which non-infectious diseases?
Ans: Behcets sydrome, lymphoma, sarcoidosis2
25). Posterior uventis (retina, retinavvessels) and panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid
layer) - is linked which infectious diseases?
Ans: CMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB and varicella zoster
Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis
26). Workup for suspected uveitis?
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1). What is hypermetropia?
Ans: long sitedness, whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and
therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while distant objects are clearer
3). What is myopia?
Ans: near/short sightedness, close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown. also in very young
children.
4). Conditions associated with myopia?
Ans: squint- childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood vessel that nourish it
5). What is astigmatism?
Ans: Failure to converge image at one point on the fovea (likea refraction rather than
focusing)
6). Causes of astigmatism?
Ans: -Hereditary - corneal or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
PaperStoc.com Page 1 of 70
, 7). What is presbyopia?
Ans: gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural part of
aging 40-65yrs
8). Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Ans: S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
9). What is opthalmia neonatorum?
Ans: chlamydia or gonorrheae infection from infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
10). What is episcleritis ?
Ans: Inflamationof localiased superficial episclera vascular network, most commonly
diffuse (moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated systemic disease)
11). What are the classification of allergic conjunctivitis?
Ans: type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
12). What is gaint pappilary allergica conjunctivitis
Ans: inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps. Known as papillae,
these bumps tend to form after chronic irritation
13). What can cause a corneal abbration?
Ans: Direct trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
14). What can cause corneal ulcer?
PaperStoc.com Page 2 of 70
, Ans: can be secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries or prolonged use of
contact lenses
15). What are dendritic ulcers?
Ans: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of corneal
blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
16). Symptoms of dendritic ulcers?
Ans: Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching pattern,
17). Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy?
Ans: - infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
-stromal keratitis endotheliitis (classified as disciform, diffuse, or linear)
18). What are the symptoms of keratic precipitates and anterior uveitis
Ans: Pain, generally developing over a few hours or days except in cases of trauma:
Redness
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Increased lacrimation
Chronic anterior uveitis presents primarily as blurred vision and mild redness.
pain & photophobia normaly only during acute episode.
PaperStoc.com Page 3 of 70
, 19). What are the symptoms of posterior uveitis?
Ans: Blurred vision and floaters
Absence of symptoms of anterior uveitis (ie, pain, redness, and photophobia)
All parts of the posterior chamber may be affected, including the retina, choroid and
optic nerve. It can be caused by bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections.
20). What are the findings of posterior uveitis upon opthalmoscopy?
Ans: posterior uveitis Showing candle wax drippings (white areas)
21). Anterior uventis is linked to which non infectious diseases?
Ans: -Ankyolising spondilitis,
-behcet syndrom (ulcers eye,mouth & genitals),
-IBS,
-Juvenile arthritis, sarcoidosis (Granulomatous disease),
-seronegative arthropathy
22). Anterior uventis is linked to which infectious diseases?
Ans: HSV, SYphilis, TB & varicella zoster
23). Intermediate uventis (cillary body to retina) is linked to which non-infectious disease?
Ans: Lymphoma, MS and sarcoidosis
24). Posterior uventis (retina, retinavvessels) and panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid
layer) - is linked which non-infectious diseases?
Ans: Behcets sydrome, lymphoma, sarcoidosis2
25). Posterior uventis (retina, retinavvessels) and panuverntis (iris, cilliary body and choroid
layer) - is linked which infectious diseases?
Ans: CMV, endogenous encephalitis, syphalis. TB and varicella zoster
Toxicaris & toxoplasmosis
26). Workup for suspected uveitis?
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