PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD
STUDY MATERIAL
TIME LINE REPRESENTING THE TRANSITION OF PRINT
TECHNOLOGY FROM 6TH TO 20TH CENTURY
From AD 594 Books in China were printed by rubbing papers against inked surface of woodblocks.
AD 768-770 Buddhist missionaries from China first introduced hand-printing technology into Japa
AD 868 Oldest Japanese book ‘Diamond Sutra’ got printed
1295 Marco Polo, a great explorer returned to Italy from China
1430s Johann Gutenberg developed the first known printing press
Gutenberg perfected the system combining the ideas of Olive press and art of
1448
making trinkets
The printing press was established in most countries of Europe in a hundred years
1450-1550
Shift from hand print to mechanical led to Print Revolution.
1517 Religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses
Mid 16th
Printing press first came to Goa, India
Century
From 1558 Began to maintain an Index of Prohibited books to maintain control over publishers.
1579 Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book at Cochin in India
17th century The uses of print diversified
By 1674 About 50 books had been printed in Konkani & in Kanara languages
17th -18th
Literacy rates in most parts of Europe increased.
century
,Early 18th
Periodical press developed, current information and entertainment..
century
1713 First Malayalam book was printed
1710 Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts
Mid-18th
Europe started believing that books were a means of spreading progress and enlightenm
century
1780 James Augustus Hickey started to edit the ‘Bengal Gazette’
Late 18th
Press came to be made out of metal.
century
Europe witnessed vast leap in mass literacy Brought new readers among women,
19th century
children & workers
The first printed edition of the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, a 16th-century text,
1810
emerged from Calcutta
1820 The Calcutta Supreme Court passed regulations to control freedom of press
1821 Ram Mohan Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi
1822 Two Persian newspapers, Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar were published
Governor General Benticnk agreed to revise Press laws after facing petitions from edit
1835 Of English and vernacular newspaper .Thomas Macaulay later restored the freedom
of press.
Mid-19th Richard M.Hoe of New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press
century Cheap lithographic print flooded the market
A children’s press, devoted to literature for children alone, was established in France
1857
Attitude to freedom of the press changed after the Revolt of 1857
1860s Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experience of women.
1867 Deoband Seminary established that started publishing fatwas.
, Since this time Hindi printing began seriously which was devoted largely for the
1870s education of women .Cartoons and caricature started getting published in
journals and newspapers.
1871 Jyotiba Phule wrote ‘Gulamgiri’that contained the injustices of the caste system
Rashsundari Debi wrote an autobiography ‘Amar Jiban’.,first full length
1876
autobiography in Bengali
1878 Vernacular Press Act was passed, which was modelled on the Irish Press Laws
Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar Press in Bombay publishe
From 1880s numerous religious text. Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate
anger about the miserabl lives of upper-caste Hindu women
Primary education became compulsory in Europe giving way to a siginificant
Late 19th category of readers –CHILDREN
century Offset press was developed. A new visual culture in India started taking shape
Visual images started getting reproduced
20th Century Electrically operated press accelerated printing operations
Early 20th
Ram Chaddha published ‘Istri Dharm Vichar’
Century
Punjab revolutionaries were deported
1907
Balgangadhar Tilak wrote ‘Kesari’
1908. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned.
1920s Popular works in England were sold in cheap series, called the Shilling Series in Englan
1930 Bangalore cotton mill workers set up libraries to set educate themselves
1938 Kashibaba, a Kanpur mill-worker, wrote and published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal
Sachi Kavitayan by Sudarshan Chakr a Kanpur based mill worker ,took initiative
1935- 1955
STUDY MATERIAL
TIME LINE REPRESENTING THE TRANSITION OF PRINT
TECHNOLOGY FROM 6TH TO 20TH CENTURY
From AD 594 Books in China were printed by rubbing papers against inked surface of woodblocks.
AD 768-770 Buddhist missionaries from China first introduced hand-printing technology into Japa
AD 868 Oldest Japanese book ‘Diamond Sutra’ got printed
1295 Marco Polo, a great explorer returned to Italy from China
1430s Johann Gutenberg developed the first known printing press
Gutenberg perfected the system combining the ideas of Olive press and art of
1448
making trinkets
The printing press was established in most countries of Europe in a hundred years
1450-1550
Shift from hand print to mechanical led to Print Revolution.
1517 Religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses
Mid 16th
Printing press first came to Goa, India
Century
From 1558 Began to maintain an Index of Prohibited books to maintain control over publishers.
1579 Catholic priests printed the first Tamil book at Cochin in India
17th century The uses of print diversified
By 1674 About 50 books had been printed in Konkani & in Kanara languages
17th -18th
Literacy rates in most parts of Europe increased.
century
,Early 18th
Periodical press developed, current information and entertainment..
century
1713 First Malayalam book was printed
1710 Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts
Mid-18th
Europe started believing that books were a means of spreading progress and enlightenm
century
1780 James Augustus Hickey started to edit the ‘Bengal Gazette’
Late 18th
Press came to be made out of metal.
century
Europe witnessed vast leap in mass literacy Brought new readers among women,
19th century
children & workers
The first printed edition of the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, a 16th-century text,
1810
emerged from Calcutta
1820 The Calcutta Supreme Court passed regulations to control freedom of press
1821 Ram Mohan Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi
1822 Two Persian newspapers, Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar were published
Governor General Benticnk agreed to revise Press laws after facing petitions from edit
1835 Of English and vernacular newspaper .Thomas Macaulay later restored the freedom
of press.
Mid-19th Richard M.Hoe of New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press
century Cheap lithographic print flooded the market
A children’s press, devoted to literature for children alone, was established in France
1857
Attitude to freedom of the press changed after the Revolt of 1857
1860s Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experience of women.
1867 Deoband Seminary established that started publishing fatwas.
, Since this time Hindi printing began seriously which was devoted largely for the
1870s education of women .Cartoons and caricature started getting published in
journals and newspapers.
1871 Jyotiba Phule wrote ‘Gulamgiri’that contained the injustices of the caste system
Rashsundari Debi wrote an autobiography ‘Amar Jiban’.,first full length
1876
autobiography in Bengali
1878 Vernacular Press Act was passed, which was modelled on the Irish Press Laws
Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar Press in Bombay publishe
From 1880s numerous religious text. Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate
anger about the miserabl lives of upper-caste Hindu women
Primary education became compulsory in Europe giving way to a siginificant
Late 19th category of readers –CHILDREN
century Offset press was developed. A new visual culture in India started taking shape
Visual images started getting reproduced
20th Century Electrically operated press accelerated printing operations
Early 20th
Ram Chaddha published ‘Istri Dharm Vichar’
Century
Punjab revolutionaries were deported
1907
Balgangadhar Tilak wrote ‘Kesari’
1908. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned.
1920s Popular works in England were sold in cheap series, called the Shilling Series in Englan
1930 Bangalore cotton mill workers set up libraries to set educate themselves
1938 Kashibaba, a Kanpur mill-worker, wrote and published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal
Sachi Kavitayan by Sudarshan Chakr a Kanpur based mill worker ,took initiative
1935- 1955
